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Volume 40, Issue 3 (2025)
GeoRes 2025, 40(3): 1001-1009 |
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Received: 2025/07/17 | Accepted: 2025/08/24 | Published: 2025/09/1
Received: 2025/07/17 | Accepted: 2025/08/24 | Published: 2025/09/1
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Mozafari A, Haghshenas E. Analysis of Physical Development and Assessment of Physical Resilience with Emphasis on Sustainability Challenges in the Urban Growth Process of Semnan. GeoRes 2025; 40 (3) :1001-1009
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Abstract (157 Views)
Aims and Background: In the urban planning literature, urban development has mainly been addressed from a physical–spatial perspective, and various approaches have been proposed in this regard. The present study aims to analyze the expansion pattern of the Semnan urban area and to assess its physical resilience against sustainability challenges.
Methodology: In this study, information related to urban construction and land use was collected for two different time periods, and the pattern of physical changes in the city was analyzed using the Shannon entropy and Heldren models. Subsequently, indicators related to physical resilience were extracted from previous studies and provided to experts and specialists in the form of a questionnaire.
Findings: The results showed that the Shannon entropy value increased from 0.3105 in 1986 to 0.3323 in 2016, indicating compact urban expansion over the past three decades. The Heldren model results further revealed that 6.023% of the total physical growth during this period was due to population growth, while -5.023% was associated with horizontal expansion. This situation has led to a decrease in gross population density and an increase in gross urban per capita. Moreover, the average of most resilience assessment criteria was found to be below the moderate level, reflecting the low level of physical resilience in the Semnan urban area.
Conclusion: Although the compact physical development of the Semnan urban area has prevented urban sprawl, weaknesses in infrastructure and noncompliance with resilience indicators have exposed the area to environmental, economic, and social instability, highlighting the necessity of revising urban development policies.
Methodology: In this study, information related to urban construction and land use was collected for two different time periods, and the pattern of physical changes in the city was analyzed using the Shannon entropy and Heldren models. Subsequently, indicators related to physical resilience were extracted from previous studies and provided to experts and specialists in the form of a questionnaire.
Findings: The results showed that the Shannon entropy value increased from 0.3105 in 1986 to 0.3323 in 2016, indicating compact urban expansion over the past three decades. The Heldren model results further revealed that 6.023% of the total physical growth during this period was due to population growth, while -5.023% was associated with horizontal expansion. This situation has led to a decrease in gross population density and an increase in gross urban per capita. Moreover, the average of most resilience assessment criteria was found to be below the moderate level, reflecting the low level of physical resilience in the Semnan urban area.
Conclusion: Although the compact physical development of the Semnan urban area has prevented urban sprawl, weaknesses in infrastructure and noncompliance with resilience indicators have exposed the area to environmental, economic, and social instability, highlighting the necessity of revising urban development policies.
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