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Volume 39, Issue 4 (2024)
GeoRes 2024, 39(4): 451-458 |
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Received: 2024/11/20 | Accepted: 2024/12/13 | Published: 2024/12/20
Received: 2024/11/20 | Accepted: 2024/12/13 | Published: 2024/12/20
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Ehteshamfar A, Karkehabadi Z, Kamyabi S. Exploring the Relationship Between Smart City Drivers and Sustainable Urban Security in Semnan. GeoRes 2024; 39 (4) :451-458
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1- Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
2- Department of Geography, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
2- Department of Geography, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
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Background
Rapid urbanization has created multiple challenges for cities; in response, the concept of the "smart city" has emerged as an innovative strategy to improve quality of life and ensure sustainable urban management through the use of information and communication technologies.
Previous Studies
Smart cities, as centers of innovation and economic development, play a key role in improving citizens' quality of life [Clement et al., 2023; Jonek-Kowalska, 2023]. With rapid urbanization, the need for smart solutions in city management has increased [Teng et al., 2024]. A smart city integrates urban services through information and communication technology (ICT), enhancing infrastructures such as transportation, energy, healthcare, and security [Woetzel & Kuznetsova, 2018]. This concept contributes to reducing pollution, optimizing processes, lowering costs, and increasing citizen participation [Kamandari & Rahnama, 2017; Engelbert et al., 2019]. Additionally, urban management leverages open data to enhance transparency, planning, and public engagement [Al Sharif & Pokharel, 2022]. In Iran, cities like Tehran and Mashhad have been introduced as smart cities, yet they still face infrastructural challenges [Hashemi et al., 2020].
Aim(s)
This study examines the relationship between smart cities and sustainable urban security in Semnan.
Research Type
This research was generally of a descriptive-correlational type.
Research Society, Place, and Time
The statistical population of this study, conducted in 2024 in the city of Semnan, included all Semnan citizens.
Sampling Method and Number
The total sample size, based on Morgan's sampling table, was 384 individuals who were randomly selected. These samples included individuals with various demographic characteristics such as gender, age group, and education level.
Used Devices & Materials
The primary data collection tool in this research was a questionnaire designed to assess the relationships between various dimensions of smart cities and urban security. To design the questions, the components of each dimension were first identified, and then specific questions were developed to evaluate these components. Various statistical methods were used for data analysis. Pearson’s correlation test was applied to examine the correlation between different dimensions of the smart city and urban security. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the combined impact of smart city dimensions on urban security. A one-sample T-test was conducted to compare the state of urban security in Semnan with the theoretical value. Additionally, AMOS 24 software was used to analyze causal relationships between smart city dimensions and urban security.
Findings by Text
The study analyzed the demographic distribution of respondents, showing that 61.5% were men (236 individuals), while 38.5% were women (148 individuals) (Table 1).
Table 1) Distribution of Respondents by Gender, Age Group, and Education Level
The relationship between smart city dimensions and urban security in Semnan varied in intensity and effect type (Table 2). "Smart citizens," "smart environment," and "smart mobility" had the most positive impact on urban security. Conversely, "smart governance" and "smart dynamics" required policy revisions to enhance their security role.
Table 2) Analysis of the Relationship Between Smart City Dimensions and Urban Security in Semnan (p-value = 0.0001)
Regression analysis revealed a strong relationship (correlation coefficient = 0.76) between smart city dimensions and urban security, with an explanatory power of 58% (Table 3). "Smart environment" (β = 0.32) and "smart citizens" (β = 0.27) had the highest positive impact, while "smart dynamics" (β = -0.28) and "smart governance" (β = -0.21) negatively affected security. The regression model was statistically significant (F = 75.83, p < 0.0001; Figure 1).
Table 3) Multiple Regression Analysis of the Impact of Smart City Dimensions on Urban Security in Semnan
Figure 1) The Relationship Between the Impact of Smart City Dimensions on Urban Security in Semnan in AMOS
Urban security was rated significantly below the theoretical mean (2.38 vs. 3.00), indicating lower perceived security (T = -39.784, p < 0.001). The negative mean difference (-0.613) confirmed this perception, emphasizing the need for improvements in urban security measures.
Main Comparisons to Similar Studies
The comparison of this study’s results with previous research indicates that three main dimensions-citizens, smart environment, and smart transportation systems-play a key role in improving urban security. These findings align with those of He et al. (2020), who state that implementing integrated systems enhances urban resilience and security. Additionally, the study by Khorasaninezhad et al. (2021) have emphasized that active citizen participation in security processes, particularly through digital tools, is essential for the success of smart cities. Similarly, studies by Clement et al. (2023) have shown that digital monitoring tools contribute to increased public security awareness and social responsibility. Regarding the smart environment, Abdi & Shahbazitabar (2020) also highlight the role of surveillance systems and environmental sensors in creating safer urban spaces. The findings of this study further stressed the necessity of reviewing smart governance policies. Pourahmad et al. (2016) have demonstrated that without adaptive governance, cities cannot fully leverage smart technologies. Additionally, research by Shams et al. (2020) emphasizes the need for municipalities to establish specialized units to oversee smart city initiatives. Finally, the study by Yigitcanlar et al. (2018) underscores the importance of adaptive governance frameworks for managing rapid technological changes and enhancing urban security, which is consistent with the results of this study.
Suggestions
Future studies should continue to explore innovative governance models that emphasize flexibility, collaboration, and citizen participation. These models can propose structures capable of responding to unforeseen challenges and unstable conditions while also enhancing social and economic dynamics in smart cities. Specifically, focusing on citizen involvement in governance and the implementation of smart technologies can strengthen accountability and transparency in urban management.
Conclusion
Different dimensions of the smart city, particularly "citizens," "smart environment," and "smart mobility," have a significant impact on urban security in Semnan. Meanwhile, the dimensions of "smart governance" and "smart dynamics" require strengthening and improvement to enhance urban security in Semnan.
Acknowledgements: None reported by the authors.
Ethical Permission: None reported by the authors.
Conflict of Interest: None reported by the authors.
Author Contributions: Ehteshamfar AA (first author): Introduction Writer/Methodologist/Statistical Analyst/Discussion Writer (50%); Karkheabadi Z (second author): Introduction Writer/Discussion Writer (25%); Kamyabi S (third author): Introduction Writer/Discussion Writer (25%).
Funding: This article is derived from the first author's thesis and was conducted at the researcher’s personal expense.
Rapid urbanization has created multiple challenges for cities; in response, the concept of the "smart city" has emerged as an innovative strategy to improve quality of life and ensure sustainable urban management through the use of information and communication technologies.
Previous Studies
Smart cities, as centers of innovation and economic development, play a key role in improving citizens' quality of life [Clement et al., 2023; Jonek-Kowalska, 2023]. With rapid urbanization, the need for smart solutions in city management has increased [Teng et al., 2024]. A smart city integrates urban services through information and communication technology (ICT), enhancing infrastructures such as transportation, energy, healthcare, and security [Woetzel & Kuznetsova, 2018]. This concept contributes to reducing pollution, optimizing processes, lowering costs, and increasing citizen participation [Kamandari & Rahnama, 2017; Engelbert et al., 2019]. Additionally, urban management leverages open data to enhance transparency, planning, and public engagement [Al Sharif & Pokharel, 2022]. In Iran, cities like Tehran and Mashhad have been introduced as smart cities, yet they still face infrastructural challenges [Hashemi et al., 2020].
Aim(s)
This study examines the relationship between smart cities and sustainable urban security in Semnan.
Research Type
This research was generally of a descriptive-correlational type.
Research Society, Place, and Time
The statistical population of this study, conducted in 2024 in the city of Semnan, included all Semnan citizens.
Sampling Method and Number
The total sample size, based on Morgan's sampling table, was 384 individuals who were randomly selected. These samples included individuals with various demographic characteristics such as gender, age group, and education level.
Used Devices & Materials
The primary data collection tool in this research was a questionnaire designed to assess the relationships between various dimensions of smart cities and urban security. To design the questions, the components of each dimension were first identified, and then specific questions were developed to evaluate these components. Various statistical methods were used for data analysis. Pearson’s correlation test was applied to examine the correlation between different dimensions of the smart city and urban security. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the combined impact of smart city dimensions on urban security. A one-sample T-test was conducted to compare the state of urban security in Semnan with the theoretical value. Additionally, AMOS 24 software was used to analyze causal relationships between smart city dimensions and urban security.
Findings by Text
The study analyzed the demographic distribution of respondents, showing that 61.5% were men (236 individuals), while 38.5% were women (148 individuals) (Table 1).
Table 1) Distribution of Respondents by Gender, Age Group, and Education Level
The relationship between smart city dimensions and urban security in Semnan varied in intensity and effect type (Table 2). "Smart citizens," "smart environment," and "smart mobility" had the most positive impact on urban security. Conversely, "smart governance" and "smart dynamics" required policy revisions to enhance their security role.
Table 2) Analysis of the Relationship Between Smart City Dimensions and Urban Security in Semnan (p-value = 0.0001)
Regression analysis revealed a strong relationship (correlation coefficient = 0.76) between smart city dimensions and urban security, with an explanatory power of 58% (Table 3). "Smart environment" (β = 0.32) and "smart citizens" (β = 0.27) had the highest positive impact, while "smart dynamics" (β = -0.28) and "smart governance" (β = -0.21) negatively affected security. The regression model was statistically significant (F = 75.83, p < 0.0001; Figure 1).
Table 3) Multiple Regression Analysis of the Impact of Smart City Dimensions on Urban Security in Semnan
Figure 1) The Relationship Between the Impact of Smart City Dimensions on Urban Security in Semnan in AMOS
Urban security was rated significantly below the theoretical mean (2.38 vs. 3.00), indicating lower perceived security (T = -39.784, p < 0.001). The negative mean difference (-0.613) confirmed this perception, emphasizing the need for improvements in urban security measures.
Main Comparisons to Similar Studies
The comparison of this study’s results with previous research indicates that three main dimensions-citizens, smart environment, and smart transportation systems-play a key role in improving urban security. These findings align with those of He et al. (2020), who state that implementing integrated systems enhances urban resilience and security. Additionally, the study by Khorasaninezhad et al. (2021) have emphasized that active citizen participation in security processes, particularly through digital tools, is essential for the success of smart cities. Similarly, studies by Clement et al. (2023) have shown that digital monitoring tools contribute to increased public security awareness and social responsibility. Regarding the smart environment, Abdi & Shahbazitabar (2020) also highlight the role of surveillance systems and environmental sensors in creating safer urban spaces. The findings of this study further stressed the necessity of reviewing smart governance policies. Pourahmad et al. (2016) have demonstrated that without adaptive governance, cities cannot fully leverage smart technologies. Additionally, research by Shams et al. (2020) emphasizes the need for municipalities to establish specialized units to oversee smart city initiatives. Finally, the study by Yigitcanlar et al. (2018) underscores the importance of adaptive governance frameworks for managing rapid technological changes and enhancing urban security, which is consistent with the results of this study.
Suggestions
Future studies should continue to explore innovative governance models that emphasize flexibility, collaboration, and citizen participation. These models can propose structures capable of responding to unforeseen challenges and unstable conditions while also enhancing social and economic dynamics in smart cities. Specifically, focusing on citizen involvement in governance and the implementation of smart technologies can strengthen accountability and transparency in urban management.
Conclusion
Different dimensions of the smart city, particularly "citizens," "smart environment," and "smart mobility," have a significant impact on urban security in Semnan. Meanwhile, the dimensions of "smart governance" and "smart dynamics" require strengthening and improvement to enhance urban security in Semnan.
Acknowledgements: None reported by the authors.
Ethical Permission: None reported by the authors.
Conflict of Interest: None reported by the authors.
Author Contributions: Ehteshamfar AA (first author): Introduction Writer/Methodologist/Statistical Analyst/Discussion Writer (50%); Karkheabadi Z (second author): Introduction Writer/Discussion Writer (25%); Kamyabi S (third author): Introduction Writer/Discussion Writer (25%).
Funding: This article is derived from the first author's thesis and was conducted at the researcher’s personal expense.
Keywords:
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