Bilingual
En/Fa
Geographical Research is Published in both Persian and English Full-text.
Volume 40, Issue 3 (2025)
GeoRes 2025, 40(3): 231-242 |
Back to browse issues page
Article Type:
Subject:
History
Received: 2025/07/31 | Accepted: 2025/09/5 | Published: 2025/09/17
Received: 2025/07/31 | Accepted: 2025/09/5 | Published: 2025/09/17
How to cite this article
Khoshtarash Langeroudi N, Tabibian M, Bigdeli Rad V. Integrated Model of Sustainable Development and Urban Resilience in the Physical Development of Rudsar City. GeoRes 2025; 40 (3) :231-242
URL: http://georesearch.ir/article-1-1832-en.html
URL: http://georesearch.ir/article-1-1832-en.html
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rights and permissions
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
1- Department of Urban Planning, Qazvin Campus (Qa.C.), Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
2- Department of Urban Planning, Fine Arts Campus, University of Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Urban Planning, Fine Arts Campus, University of Tehran, Iran
Abstract (383 Views)
Aims: Sustainable and resilient urban development is one of the main challenges of the 21st century, requiring integrated approaches to achieve environmental, social, and economic goals. This study aimed to explain the conceptual model of sustainable development and urban resilience integration and examine its application in the physical development of Rudsar city to provide a comprehensive framework for guiding the future development of this city.
Methodology: This research was conducted using a mixed-method sequential exploratory approach in two qualitative and quantitative phases during 2024-2025 in Rudsar. In the qualitative phase, grounded theory based on Strauss and Corbin's paradigm model was used with 17 experts, and data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative phase, data were collected from 345 urban development specialists and stakeholders in Rudsar using a researcher-made questionnaire, and data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 4 software.
Findings: All relationships between the model variables were significant, and factor loadings higher than 0.4 were obtained. The relationship between strategies and outcomes, with a statistic of 57.388, was the strongest relationship in the model, demonstrating the significant impact of integrated strategies on development results. Causal conditions had a considerable effect on the core phenomenon with 24.62, and contextual and intervening conditions also influenced strategies with 2.790 and 18.082, respectively.
Conclusion: The causal conditions play a decisive role in shaping the core phenomenon, which in turn directly influences the strategies adopted. The contextual and intervening conditions act as facilitating and regulating factors that guide the strategies, and ultimately, the implemented strategies lead to desirable outcomes.
Methodology: This research was conducted using a mixed-method sequential exploratory approach in two qualitative and quantitative phases during 2024-2025 in Rudsar. In the qualitative phase, grounded theory based on Strauss and Corbin's paradigm model was used with 17 experts, and data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative phase, data were collected from 345 urban development specialists and stakeholders in Rudsar using a researcher-made questionnaire, and data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 4 software.
Findings: All relationships between the model variables were significant, and factor loadings higher than 0.4 were obtained. The relationship between strategies and outcomes, with a statistic of 57.388, was the strongest relationship in the model, demonstrating the significant impact of integrated strategies on development results. Causal conditions had a considerable effect on the core phenomenon with 24.62, and contextual and intervening conditions also influenced strategies with 2.790 and 18.082, respectively.
Conclusion: The causal conditions play a decisive role in shaping the core phenomenon, which in turn directly influences the strategies adopted. The contextual and intervening conditions act as facilitating and regulating factors that guide the strategies, and ultimately, the implemented strategies lead to desirable outcomes.
References
1. Abdulbaqi HR, Mhaibes HA (2024). Sustainable development in organization: A literature review. International Journal of Social Science Humanity & Management Research. 3(11). [Link] [DOI:10.58806/ijsshmr.2024.v3i11n04]
2. Aharkov O, Prisniakova L, Harets N, Varakuta M, Tarasevych I (2024). Socio-psychological factors affecting sustainable development. E3S Web of Conferences. 587:05008. [Link] [DOI:10.1051/e3sconf/202458705008]
3. Aleshina AY, Kotlobovsky IB (2024). Development of sustainable insurance in Russia. Lomonosov Economics Journal. 59(4). [Russian] [Link] [DOI:10.55959/MSU0130-0105-6-59-4-2]
4. Alizadeh Z, Pour Ramadan E, Mollaei Hashtjin N (2020). Explaining the role of local management in physical-spatial transformations of rural areas in Rudsar county. Geographical Studies of Mountainous Areas. 1(3):81-95. [Persian] [Link]
5. Al-Shahrani F, Al-Ghamdi N, Aslam M (2024). Awareness of sustainable development goals and its relationship to sustainable behavior. Open Access Library Journal. 11(6):e11555. [Link] [DOI:10.4236/oalib.1111555]
6. Asgari J, Estelaji A (2021). The role of social capital in physical development of rural settlements: Case study of rural settlements in Garmsar county. New Perspectives in Human Geography. 13(3):756-769. [Persian] [Link]
7. Ayed N, Toner S, Priebe S (2019). Conceptualizing resilience in adult mental health literature: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy. 92:299-341. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/papt.12185]
8. Azadeh S, Zarbakhsh S, Parvizi R, Zali N (2019). An analysis of urban neighborhood quality with emphasis on sustainable city components: Case study of Housam neighborhood, Rudsar city. Geography. 17(61):186-200. [Persian] [Link]
9. Badri SA, Rezvani M, Khodadadi P (2020). Analysis of factors and processes affecting the formulation of spatial policy-making of physical development in Iran's rural areas. Physical Social Planning. 7(1):25-43. [Persian] [Link]
10. Brookfield H (1991). Environmental sustainability with development: What prospects for a Research agenda?. The Eureopean Journal of Development Research. 42-66. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/09578819108426540]
11. Campagnolo L, Carraro C, Eboli F, Farnia L, Parrado R, Pierfederici R (2018). The ex-ante evaluation of achieving sustainable development goals. Social Indicators Research, 136:73-116. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s11205-017-1572-x]
12. Dadras H, Doostdar R, Hassan Rooh Z, Doostdar Feshtakeh M (2015). Assessment of urban planning indicators and their application in spatial sustainable development of Roudsar city. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Tourism, Geography and Sustainable Environment. Hamedan: CIVILICA. [Persian] [Link]
13. Datola G (2023). Implementing urban resilience in urban planning: A comprehensive framework for urban resilience evaluation. Sustainable Cities and Society. 98:104821. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2023.104821]
14. Ding X, Hu Y (2024). Review on the impact of urban resilience on urban green total productivity. International Journal of Global Economics and Management. 3(2):297-303. [Link] [DOI:10.62051/ijgem.v3n2.33]
15. Ghasemi E, Jazini M, Sarlaki Z, Hajian AM, Moeinian B (2019). Urban resilience: A window towards achieving sustainable urban development. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Sustainable Development and Urban Development. Isfahan: Daneshpajoohan Pishroo Higher Education Institute. [Persian] [Link]
16. Ghasemzadeh E, Taefnia M, Farjami G, Mokhtarzadeh S (2020). Child-centered social resilience based on child-centered urban resilience and child-friendly natural and social environmental components. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Sustainable Development and Urban Development. Isfahan: Daneshpajoohan Pishroo Higher Education Institute. [Persian] [Link]
17. Javaheri Taghdas M, Nastaran M, Kharrat Zebardast E, Basirat M (2019). A study and analysis of physical-spatial development of Tehran metropolitan area between 1986 and 2016. Socio-Cultural Strategy. 8(31):35-65. [Persian] [Link]
18. Kochskämper E, Glass LM, Haupt W, Malekpour S, Grainger-Brown J (2025). Resilience and the sustainable development goals: A scrutiny of urban strategies in the 100 resilient cities initiative. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 68(7):1691-1717. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/09640568.2023.2297648]
19. Kong L, Mu X, Hu G, Zhang Z (2022). The application of resilience theory in urban development: A literature review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 29(33):49651-49671. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-20891-x]
20. Lv Y, Sarker MNI (2024). Integrative approaches to urban resilience: Evaluating the efficacy of resilience strategies in mitigating climate change vulnerabilities. Heliyon. 10(6):e28191. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28191]
21. Major DC, Juhola S (2021). Climate change adaptation in coastal cities: A guidebook for citizens, public officials and planners. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. [Link] [DOI:10.2307/j.ctv1qp9hcs]
22. Mustafin R, Khusnutdinova EK (2024). Epigenetic mechanisms of the influence of physical activity on the development of atherosclerosis. Russian Journal of Genetics. 60(10):1295-1310. [Link] [DOI:10.1134/S1022795424700844]
23. Mustakim KR, Eo MY, Mustakim IG, Kim SM (2024). Sustainable development goals for cleft care. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 36(3):e258-e264. [Link] [DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000010813]
24. Nazamfar H, Pashazadeh A (2018). Evaluation of urban tolerability in the face of natural hazards (case study: The city of Ardabil). Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal. 8(27):101-116. [Persian] [Link]
25. Ndubuisi OG, Amaka C, Aku Ugah T, Agbakhamen CO, Ali SE, Nesiama O (2025). Exploring the interplay between sustainable urban development and climate resilience. International Journal of Innovative Food, Nutrition & Sustainable Agriculture. 13(3):36-49. [Link]
26. Paşa NH, Zengin E (2024). Restoration and resilience strategies for sustainable urban development. InterConf. 47(209):62-79. [Link] [DOI:10.51582/interconf.19-20.07.2024.006]
27. Population and Housing Census (2016). Map of rural districts of the country [Internet]. Tehran: Statistical Centre of Iran [cited 2025 Nov 10th]. Available from: https://amar.org.ir/country-divisions/ID/16060/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-1390. [Persian] [Link]
28. Preedy P, Duncombe R, Gorely T (2022). Physical development in the early years: The impact of a daily movement programme on young children's physical development. International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education. 50(3):289-303. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/03004279.2020.1849345]
29. Rezaei E, Salehi E, Lahijanian A, Ehsani A (2021). Evaluation and analysis of urban land use resilience: Case study of District 22 of Tehran. Geographical Territory. 18(71):23-44. [Persian] [Link]
30. Ribeiro PJG, Gonçalves LAPJ (2019). Urban resilience: A conceptual framework. Sustainable Cities and Society. 50:101625. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101625]
31. Sarooshan G, Handiany A, Zivyarpardeh P, Tavakolan A (2022). Investigating the effect of urban governance on urban resilience (case study: Tehran). Applied Researches in Geographical Sciences. 22(67):413-437. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.52547/jgs.22.67.413]
32. Shamaei A, Sasanpour F, Ali Hosseini R (2019). The spatial analysis of resilience of old neighborhoods in central areas of Tabriz City. Geographical Urban Planning Research. 7(2):349-374. [Persian] [Link]
33. Shamaei A, Vahedinejad SH, Azarshab S, Ghasemi M (2022). Analysis of urban physical development process and presentation of its appropriate strategic model: Case study of Ahvaz city. Applied Researches in Geographical Sciences. 22(67):25-39. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.52547/jgs.22.67.25]
34. Shamsuddin S (2023). Urban in question: Recovering the concept of urban in urban resilience. Sustainability. 15(22):15907. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/su152215907]
35. Singh A (2024). Urban resilience and sustainability: A comprehensive review. Journal of Sustainable Solutions. 15(2):33-38. [Link] [DOI:10.36676/j.sust.sol.v1.i2.12]
36. Tabibian M, Movahed S (2016). Towards resilient and sustainable cities: A conceptual framework. Scientia Iranica. 23(5):2081-2093. [Link] [DOI:10.24200/sci.2016.2273]
37. Tarabardina MY (2024). Assessing the achievement of sustainable development in the Maghreb countries. Economics and Management. 30(9):1146-1157. [Link] [DOI:10.35854/1998-1627-2024-9-1146-1157]
38. Tasneem J, Gazioglu S (2024). Multidisciplinary approaches for sustainable urban development: Creating smarter, greener and more livable cities. In: A step towards sustainability. Faro: Sustainable Horizons. [Link]
39. Wang B, Chen T (2024). What do the sustainable development goals reveal, and are they sufficient for sustainable development?. PLoS One. 19(11). [Link] [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0310089]
40. Zeng X, Yu Y, Yang S, Lv Y, Sarker MNI (2022). Urban resilience for urban sustainability: Concepts, dimensions, and perspectives. Sustainability. 14(5):2481. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/su14052481]
41. Zhang S (2024). The interaction and balance between innovation and sustainable development. Advances in Economics Management and Political Sciences. 119(1):1-7. [Link] [DOI:10.54254/2754-1169/119/20242293]
42. Zhang X, Zhang J, Cao Z, Wang J, Dolah J, Mao X (2025). Aligning tourist demand with urban forest ecosystem services: Sustainable development strategies for enhancing urban tourism resilience in Kunming. Forests. 16(9):1501. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/f16091501]
43. Zhang Y, Song S, Li X, Raubal M (2024). Leveraging context-adjusted nighttime light data for socioeconomic explanations of global urban resilience. Sustainable Cities and Society. 114:105739. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105739]
44. Zhao Z, Hu Z, Han X, Li Z (2024). Evaluation of urban resilience and its influencing factors: Case study of the Yichang-Jingzhou-Jingmen-Enshi urban agglomeration in China. Sustainability. 16(16):7090. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/su16167090]