Geographical Research

Aims: This study aims to explain the grounded theory regarding the role of ethnic subcultures on the sense of belonging to place in informal settlements in the Al-Taymur neighborhood of Mashhad. The main research question is: How do subcultures affect residents' sense of belonging? To answer this question, a qualitative approach and grounded theory method were used.
Methods: the current study is qualitative in nature and is conducted in year 2025 in Mashhad. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with experts and residents of the neighborhood and analyzed using a three-stage coding method including open, axial, and selective coding. In the open coding phase, the main concepts were extracted from the interviews. Then, in axial coding, the concepts were categorized and the relationships between them were identified. Finally, in the selective coding stage, a theoretical model was presented to explain the impact of ethnic subcultures on the sense of belonging.
Findings: "Preserving and strengthening the meaning and identity of the neighborhood" and "improving the quality of life of citizens" are among the causal categories that directly affect social conditions. Interactional categories include "creating unity between physical form and social classes" and "duration and type of residence of citizens" that affect environmental interactions. Finally, outcome categories such as "strengthening environmental perception" and "increasing public participation in line with cultural values" lead to the formation of a lasting sense of belonging and stronger social interactions in the neighborhood.
Conclusion: Ethnic subcultures can play a key role in increasing the sense of belonging of residents in informal settlements by creating social bonds, preserving cultural values, and improving environmental quality.