1 1019-7052 Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute 298 Political geography Humanitarian Interventions and National Interests; Iraq Case Study Heidari Beni Zohre b Ezzati Ezatollah c Hafez Nia Mohamadreza d Lotfi Heidar e b Department of Political Geography,Faculty of Humanities,Garmsar University, Garmsar, Iran c Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Science and Research University, Tehran, Iran d Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Humanities,Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran e Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Garmsar University, Garmsar, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 8 21 04 01 2018 14 08 2018 Introduction and Background: The idea of human intervention stems from the sense of responsibility of the international community in protecting the population from harming political violence, and this process demonstrates the importance of addressing the fundamental human rights issues in a historical process that has now become a global variable. In fact, with the end of the Cold War and the importance of soft issues such as human rights, humanitarian interventions have been at the center of international attention in protecting communities against states, and in this regard, there have been numerous interventions in the surface of the world, including Iraq, and so on. Therefore, the geopolitical position of countries over time and under the influence of various factors such as military interventions and wars, revolutions, changes in the international system and the global system, and changes in power balances are constantly changing. Nevertheless, humanitarian interventions appear to be largely influenced by the national interests of governments and major powers in international relations, which has been well documented in the US intervention in Iraq in 2003. In fact, the US intervention in Iraq in 2003 seems to be not for humanitarian reasons but for the hegemonic interests of the United States in the international system and the Middle East. Aims: In this regard, the study seeks to investigate the relationship between the United States intervention in Iraq in 2003 and the hegemonic interests of the United States and link these hegemonic interests to humanitarian goals. Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytic and data collection method is library and internet. The central question of this study is based on the relationship between the US intervention in Iraq in 2003, with humanitarian pretexts and US interests in Iraq. Conclusion: The research hypothesis is based on the idea that the United States has been pursuing its hegemonic interests in the Middle East and Iraq by combining the concepts of the fight against terrorism and attempting to spread liberal democracy with humanitarian intervention.    
496 Political geography Geo-Economic Explanation of Iran's Relations with Kazakhstan Hossain Rabiee f g Amir Ahmadian Bahram h Abdi Ataollah i f Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran g Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences,Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran h Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography,Tehran University, Tehran, Iran i Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 22 39 25 05 2018 23 07 2018 Introduction and Background: The collapse of the Soviet :::::::::union::::::::: and the formation of new republics have further enhanced the geo-economic position of Iran in the region and the world. The Republic of Kazakhstan is enclosed in the land, and it needs short and reliable communication routes to open water for supplying diverse demands and supplying its oil and gas to world markets. The geostrategic position of Iran in the heart of the Middle East region is a valuable but potential reality that can create diverse geopolitical and geopolitical capacities and, as a result, increase national income, development and even security for the country. But the causes and factors such as the vacuum of power resulting from the collapse of the Soviet :::::::::union:::::::::, regional geopolitical rivalry, the important position of Iran near the intersection of Asia and Europe, the existence of large reserves of energy in the region and the desire of Central Asian countries to the presence of foreign powers, The presence of major powers in Central Asia has created serious barriers to Iran's more effective presence in the region. Aims: This article seeks to answer the question of what role Kazakhstan can play in the presence of Iran in Central Asia. Methodology: This applied research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and its data have been compiled by library method. By providing other statistics and other documents, Kazakhstan's geo-Kazakhstani weight in Central Asia and the role that can be played in facilitating penetration and presence Iran has estimated in the region. Conclusion: The result of the research shows that Kazakhstan plays a key role in geo-economic relations. Islamic Republic of Iran has Central Asia and can create the potential and potential for Iran to enter Central Asia. 378 Urban Planning Evaluating the Amount of Satisfaction from Historical Context Recreating Projects of Cities with the Approach of Local Communities Case Study: Kavir Hamsayegi Complex in the Yazd City Rezaei Mohamad Reza j Hajforoush Shahab k j Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of humanities and social sciences,Yazd University, Yazd, Iran k Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of humanities and social sciences,Yazd University, Yazd, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 40 55 14 03 2018 03 07 2018 Introduction and Background: Urban recreating is a generic term that incorporates other concepts such as rehabilitation, renovation, rehabilitation, regeneration and urbanization. Aims: In this regard, target of this research is set according to local-communities approach in order to evaluate the current status of Yazd city in terms of recreating activities and also to assess satisfaction amount of developing theses projects and provide solutions for optimal use of these spaces while preserving the identity of the fabric in Yazd city. Methodology: The present study in terms of the target is applied, In terms of the method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of information gathering is library and documentary research. In this study, statistical methods of Chi-square test, Pearson correlation and single-sample T were used. Conclusion: : Results based on Chi-square test suggests that in the view of residents, there is a significant relation between, physical, economic, social, environmental and interior dimensions with satisfaction from the complex and at out of complex that there is a significant relation between physical, social and economic and environmental dimensions with satisfaction from the complex. Also in the Pearson correlation analysis of the residents of the complex and outside it, the relationship between age, socioeconomic status, residence status, income, marital status with satisfaction from the collection is significant. In single-sample T test, the average dimensions of the inhabitants of the collection and outside it, other than the environmental dimension (negative T), are greater than the comparative number (3), which indicates that, apart from the environmental dimension, they had a satisfaction from other dimensions. Finally, there are some strategies to improve the historical context and recreating of cities and to promote facilities and services in the range of studied area. 322 Urban Planning Explanation and Spatial Analysis of Causes and Consequences of Construction Infractions Case Study: Zahedan City Sargolzaei Ali l Hadyani Zohre m Rafiyan Mojtaba n l Department Geography and Urban planning, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran m Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran n Department of Urban Development, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 56 72 08 02 2018 02 07 2018 Introduction and Background: Construction violations are one of the problems in cities and especially metropolitan developing cities, which cannot easily be solved with an inefficient management system. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existing situation and the distribution of this phenomenon in Zahedan city with the aim of the pathology of construction and construction violations in the city of Zahedan. Methodology: According to the studied components and applied nature, the method of this research is descriptive-analytic. The required information is gathered with two methods including literature and library research (books, statistics, and maps) and field study (review of cases of violations from 2005 to 2014). One of the objectives of this research is to show the pattern of dispersion of violations in the city and the leveling of neighborhoods and urban regions. This pattern has been determined using the mean of the nearest neighbor of the distribution pattern of violation. Then, by means of the weighted average model geographical distribution of the neighborhoods, and with the Coopers model, ranking of neighborhoods in the number of violations of construction in the neighborhoods is specified. Finally, GIS software has been used to draw maps. Conclusion: The results show that construction violations in Zahedan are not caused by poverty and in marginal settlements, but also in neighborhoods and legal settlements, and by more people who have sought to escape the law and economic profit. Based on the drawings of the dispersion of construction violations in the city of Zahedan during the 10 year period (2005 - 2014), we find that the first violation was first in region 5, but with the construction of the beautiful city region, construction violations have risen stage by stage and at the end of studied period, district 5 has the most violations. It is noteworthy that 2nd and 3rd municipalities district during the entire year showed similar violations, and since the beginning of the year until 2005 there have been no significant changes in terms of decreasing or increasing violations.  240 General Geography Investigating the factors affecting the income of municipalities and providing appropriate strategies for sustainable revenue Mesgari Somaye o Naimi Sadigh Ali p Abdolshah Mohamad o Department of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. p Department of Iranian Research for Information Science and Technology (Iran Doc), Tehran, Iran Department of Industrial Engineering,Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 73 89 04 10 2017 02 07 2018 Introduction and Background: Establishing a systematic and authoritative structure will make a sustainable income for municipalities. Aims: In order to optimize the sources of revenue structure for municipalities, the study of the income structure of metropolitan municipalities can be used as a guide and a good pattern for reforming and compiling an optimal income structure. The important point is the proportionality of the municipality's duty and revenue. Basically, the services of the municipalities are due to specific features cannot be directly provided by the private sector. Based on this, the combination of municipality’s income seems necessary. Methodology: In this research, a large picture of the sources of income and expenses of municipalities is first presented, and then, in the specific view of the characteristics of the city of Karaj, a favorable framework is proposed for the sustainable income system of Karaj Municipality, which is consistent with the goals of sustainable development. In this research, a questionnaire has been used in order to achieve sustainable earnings resources, based on fuzzy logic. Then, the income is divided into two categories: sustainable and unsustainable. Conclusion: The fuzzy results show that the sources of income of gas, telephone, electricity, and customer charges; taxes on value added; taxes on the production or sale of manufactured goods; the contribution of the municipality to the collection of provisions; the passport duties; the consequences of driving offenses; the complications of the management of the test drive are more sustainable than other sources of income. 294 Urban Planning Investigation of Urban Sprawl Using Spatial Planning Models in Mashhad Ghazaleh Rabbani Shafaghi Sirous Rahnama Mohamad Rahim Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Research Institute of Shakhes Pajouh, Isfahan, Iran Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Research Institute of Shakhes Pajouh, Isfahan, Iran Department of Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 90 107 27 12 2017 16 09 2018 Introduction and Background:Urban sprawl is a key subject of interest among urban planners and policy–makers, which needs to measure and monitor in order to overcome its impacts. In fact, urban expansion, and sprawl modeling is an interdisciplinary field as it involves numerous scientific areas such as geographical information system (GIS), complexity theory, urban geography, and remote sensing. Aims: The present study aims to generate an urban sprawl model using spatial planning approaches in Mashhad city. This type of measurement of physical growth in urban districts of Mashhad city is essential to urban planners and decision–makers who immediately need updated database for planning and management purposes. Methodology: For this purpose, modified relative Shannon’s entropy together with hierarchical clustering analysis was considered. Five geo–statistical variables were considered as independent input variables to measure sprawl model. Thus, to reveal probability relations between sprawl indices and aforementioned independent variables the correlation coefficients were used. Conclusion: The results revealed an analogous output for both relative entropy measurement and hierarchical clustering analysis through the sprawl model. On this basis, three municipality districts were categorized as prone zones of the study area in regard of sprawl expansion pattern. A direct and significant correlation between sprawl indices and informal settlements was estimated equal to 0.44 through municipality districts. Also, direct correlations (R=0.32 to 0.30) were observed between sprawl index and frequency of crimes and building parcel size. Contrarily, the result revealed a reverse correlation (R=−0.50) between sprawl index and land price index was explored based on each districts. It seems that the sprawl expansion in these districts influenced the growth of informal settlements and increase of crimes. This phenomenon could trigger negative environmental and socio–economical impacts in the study area. Hence, the urban management in Mashhad city should control the sprawl expansion in the prone districts by environmental prevention of land use change and land degradation. 239 Urban Planning Urban System in Islamic Countries of Central Asia Annamoradnejad Rahimberdi Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mazandaran University Babolsar, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 108 126 04 10 2017 26 08 2018 Introduction and Background: The countries of Central Asia, which include the republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, are among the nations of the world less well-known because of being placed behind the 74-year-old of the Soviet bloc. Aims:The purpose of this article, while getting acquainted with these countries, is to study the adaptive urban system in these countries. Methodology: This research method was of descriptive-analytic type. For this purpose, the population of the cities of the mentioned countries was obtained from the latest statistics from different sources. Using the Mehta index, the severity of the existence of the primary city phenomenon and with the help of the rank-size model, the distribution of population at the city level was examined and also the Herfindal Index, to determine the level of urban concentration. Finally, the standard score method (z.score) was used to summarize the status of countries. Conclusion: The results indicate that these countries have a low urban population and Kazakhstan is the highest with 55% and Tajikistan has the lowest urban population with 26%. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan have the largest number of cities. The two natural factors of mountains and deserts were a major obstacle to the formation and concentration of urban populations. Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan has shown the best situation in the application of the standard score method and Kyrgyzstan have the worst situation. The Rank-size model has also shown a higher correlation between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan 522 Urban Planning Prioritize spatial Urban Renaissance Localization Strategic Projects In Shahid Hasheminejad Range of Mashhad Asghari Morteza Ahmadi Fereshte Toghyani Shirin Ostadi Maryam Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art, Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art, Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art, Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art, Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 127 144 18 06 2018 16 09 2018 Introduction and Background: Failure to protect and rehabilitate inefficient urban areas often results from dissatisfaction and inactivity of people with regard to imitation and non-conformist versions of urban management practices for modernization. The feasibility of urban renaissance projects seems to require the definition of projects that are based on expectations of the people, in the places where they will be driven to develop and run in a timely manner. Aims: in order to localize the urban renaissance, the Shahid Hasheminejad neighborhood, located in the central area and adjacent to the shrine of the Imam Reza (AS), which nowadays was more exhausted in terms of physical and functional, was considered as a case study. Methodology: For this purpose, applied research was used and data are collected using interviews and library and field research. Data were analyzed using, SWOT, Hierarchical Analysis and the Strategic Priority Assessment Matrix. The present study was carried out in the first step by introducing and prioritizing the indices and indices of the localization of the urban regeneration approach in two stages of the survey, consisting of 15 specialists and expert. After that, 380 residents, adjacent and business people have been chosen to define the strategic position of the plan and effective strategic priorities in increasing the residents' satisfaction with the process of renaissance of the neighborhood. Finally, in order to explain the research findings based on the extraction of urban renaissance indices for the above neighborhood, twelve desirable sites were evaluated as developmental locations using the hierarchical analysis structure and in order to prioritize proposed projects, in line with localization strategies. The Renaissance approach was considered to be six strategic projects. Conclusion: Finally, using the priority location-assessment matrix, the projects defined as spatial priorities were matched, and a mid-term plan was presented to carry out strategic projects to stimulate the localization renaissance of the Shahid Hasheminejad Neighborhood. The results indicate that timely implementation of the developed plans includes: ownership, agreement, injection of capital, construction and operation; increasing social status, satisfaction and participation of the residents plays a significant role. 317 Urban Planning Presentation a Model for Explaining the Economic, Social, Cultural and Political Dimensions of Development in the Creation Creative City, Case Study: Isfahan City Safavi Yahya Zarrabi Asghar Soheilipour Mehdi Department of Political Geography, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of shakhespajouh, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 145 157 05 02 2018 25 08 2018 Introduction and Background: During the evolution of urban life, what has taken a long way towards success and positive changes in the way of life in cities has been derived from innovative thought or evolutionary ingenuity. Today, the science of creativity in urban planning called creative city is one of the main factors for sustainable development and multilateral progress. Despite the progress of the last decade in urban management, the metropolis of Isfahan has had many problems including old industries, lack of creativity in changing the use of their unused spaces, traditional agriculture despite the water crisis, environmental pollution, lack of participation of elites in education, the existence of urban exhausted texture, and so on. Aims: The purpose of this research is to measure development indicators on the creation and development of a creative city in the metropolis of Isfahan. Methodology: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey nature. Data gathering was field study by using a questionnaire. The sample size was 384 which is calculated by Cochran formula. The 5-degree Likert spectrum technique was used to measure the value of development indicators of the creative city. Also, a single-sample t-test was used to compare the mean of variables. Conclusion: The results showed that in the economic indexes of the creative city, from the viewpoint of citizens, the highest and the lowest average are respectively "Improvement of business space by urban management" with a value of 3.99 and "Marketing of creative industries and branding" with a value of 3.83. In social indexes, the highest and the lowest mean are "Strengthening social institutions" with a value of 4.36 and "Human capital" with a value of 4.20. The highest and lowest mean of cultural indexes were identified as "Capital and cultural diversity" with a value of 4.30, and "Creative ideation" with a value of 3.96. Also, the highest and lowest mean of the indexes of the political dimensions of "Security and Stability" were 4.47 and "Tolerance" with 3.84. 201 Urban Planning An Analysis on the Urban Identity Element of Sabzevar with Emphasis on the Views of Citizens Hajari Fatemeh Zanganeh Yaghoob Hamidian Alireza Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 158 174 14 08 2017 25 06 2018 Introduction and Background: The issue of identity in general and urban identity in particular has a great importance because of the role that play in recognizing individuals, objects, communities and places. In spite of the importance of this issue, urban identity crisis is alarming in recent times. Natural elements, physical and socio-cultural components are three main elements identifying that conditions and characteristics of each of them determining their role in the identity of the city. Aims: The main purpose of this study is investigate and identify the urban identity component of Sabzevar with emphasis on identifying the mentioned factors by citizens. Methodology: This research method was of descriptive-analytic type. The data were collected through a document (library) method and a survey (questionnaire) method. The statistical population has been people over 15 years old of Sabzevar, who had been residence in this city for at least 5 years. The research units is Individual and samples are obtained using by Cochran formula a sample of 384 people. Conclusion: The results show that on the basis relative frequency of recognized elements by the respondents, according to the group of synthetic and physical components with 44.21 percent, natural components with 30.29 percent and the human factor (25.49 percent) to be accounted as the most significant components of identity of Sabzevar city. Also citizens place attachment as one of elements of identity which is more than average level. Another result of this study is that among the 30 physical element of streets, squares and parks named by respondents, with the exception of  2 cases that are located in the city new part, the rest have taken place in old and central mid regions. In addition, these results indicate that there is no significant difference between the knowledge of residences regarding identity elements of physical and built environment of the city 287 Rural Planning Importance of Using Modern Irrigation Methods in Increase of Employment and Development of Rural Areas Moravej Kamraan Delavar Mohammad-Amir Najafi Vahideh Department of soil science, Faculty of agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran Department of soil science, Faculty of agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran Department of soil science, Faculty of agriculture,Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 175 190 20 12 2017 07 08 2018 Introduction and Background: Recent droughts have more than ever raised the use of modern irrigation methods and cultivating land having restrictions. This is especially important in rural areas. Aims: This research was conducted for studying the effect of new irrigation methods to increase the area under cultivation with saline and alkaline soils limitation for pistachio land utilization type in part of the south of Tehran province. Methodology: Field studies were conducted such as drilling of 10 soil profiles, 10 augers and 86 soil sampling. various thematic maps such as soil map, land classification and suitability were prepared for two irrigation method as surface (traditional) and localized (modern) using auxiliaries’ data such as satellite imagery, geological and topographic maps and weather information and laboratory analysis result from soil sampling. The soils of region were classified at typic torrifluvents sub-group and differentiated at three series and six phases. Land classification study was conducted for bubbler and furrow irrigation method. Land suitability evaluation was handled according to selected irrigation method using parametric corrected land index method for pistachio land utilization type. Conclusion: The results showed the use of bubbler irrigation rather than one may lead to the promotion land classification classes (II S to I) or reduce limitations on a class (II STW to II W). The use of mentioned irrigation method enhances land suitability classes due to insensitivity to soil and land limitations such as topography and salinity (increased from N to S2n) or will reduce the number and severity of limitations. However, the change of irrigation method from traditional to modern needs high costs and demand greater levels of initial management, but in the long term, while increasing irrigation efficiency compensate the preliminary costs and reduce land modifying operations. 291 Climatology Prediction of the Starting and Ending of Freezing Periods of Ardabil Province by Using HADCM3 Climatic Model sobhani behruz goldust akbar Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 191 205 25 12 2017 07 08 2018 Introduction and Background: One of the causes of the widespread damages caused by frost is the fact that its dimensions and nature are unknown. The prediction of frosts is one of the issues that, if implemented, can be a very great help in reducing the adverse effects of this phenomenon. Aims: In this research, daily minimum temperature is predicted for analyzing the start and end of freezing period in Parsabad, Ardabil and Khalkhal stations for next three periods 2011- 2030, 2046-2065 and 2080 – 2099. Methodology: Used data was data related to meteorological models, daily rainfall data, max and min temperature and sunny hours from 1996 to 2016. First, to choose the efficient model of general circulation of atmosphere, the results of nine climatic models were compared, and HADCM3 model was selected as the best model. This model’s output was down scaled by LARS-WG downscaling method. This method is very effective in downscaling of applied model’s output. After simulation of daily minimum temperature for future periods; with regard to being correct of real data from 2011 to 2016; simulated data was compared with real data. Conclusion: Results showed that simulated data don’t have significant difference with station’s real data. Therefore, meteorological model of HADCM3­­ has acceptable capability in this simulation. According to the results obtained from this research, minimum mean temperature of stations in future years will be increasing. Date of freezing starting is delayed eventually in future periods and starting and ending date of them is closed together over the time and freezing period duration is more shortened. Date of freezing starting in Khalkhal station was the first day of October through 7th of October, in Ardabil station between 9th of October through 30th October and in Parsabad station between 10th of November through 8th of December. Date of freezing ending in Khalkhal station was estimated 13th of April through 18th of May, in Ardabil station between 17th of April through 18th May and in Parsabad station between 26th April through 28th of March. 244 Geomorphology Analyzing and Investigating Effective Factors on Creating and Promoting Gully Erosions in Shorchay Watershed besharati Bashir Abedini Mousa Asghari Sayyad Department of Geomorphology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran Department of Geomorphology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran Department of Geomorphology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 206 222 09 10 2017 16 09 2018 Introduction and Background: Gully erosion is one of the most advanced kind of water erosion that carries a lot of sediment and causes various environmental challenges. Therefore, identifying and investigating of effective factors is necessary on forming and promoting of erosion in study area. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors influencing on dynamic of area Gullies in a one year time period. Methodology: In this study, electrical conductivity, sodium absorption ratio, PH, soil type and WS index has been used for analyzing of gully erosion potential. Conclusion: Results indicate that according to WS index the study basin has much potential for gully erosion as of gullies morphometry indicates much speed of promotion of gullies, laboratory results of sample soils of soluble minerals, SAR, electrical conductivity, the amount of sodium in soil are effective on piping erosion are the most important effective factors on formation and promotion of gully erosion and morphometric characteristics of gullies. It is thought from the results of study that physical and chemical conditions of soil and rainfall have been effective on soil erosion and gullies development from length and width 337 Geomorphology Glacial and Tectonic Evidence of Late Quaternary in Cheshmeh -Langan Basin of Isfahan Sharifi Najaf Abadi Rasul Department of Basic Science, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran 1 7 2018 33 2 223 237 16 02 2018 16 09 2018 Introduction and Background: Quaternary is the newest life span of the planet. Contrary to the shortness of time, evidences show the diversity and significance of the events that took place. Aims: In this paper, based on the of climate and Structural geomorphology, the history of natural changes in the Cheshmeh-Langan Basin located northwest of Isfahan province during the late quaternary period has been studied. Methodology: This basin is located in central part of Zagros mountain range and Sanandaj–Sirjan zone and Zagros' fault passes from its west. In order to achieve such a goal, using available climatic data and combining it with Write method, the temperature was measured in the last glacial period and the morphology of the area was rebuilt at that time. Also, Morphological indices of active tectonic have been measured using Digital Elevation Model from topography in accuracy of 30 m in ARCMAP, ARC INFO, and GOLOBAL MAPER software. Conclusion: According to the evidence given, at the last Quaternary glacial phase, 72 Percent of the zone has been covered constantly with snow and ice. In such these conditions, the snow cumulated over mountainous cirques may have formed the glaciers inclined toward the foot of a mountain and U-shape valleys. These secondary glaciers have been extended after connecting each other in direction of general earth slope and directed to out of the basin. There are many valleys in this area in V form and not only their orientation has no correspondence with glacial directions, but also they intersect glacial directions. Studying different indices indicating dynamic tectonic and the faults of the zone reveals that after the last glacial period, the faults have been active in this zone, caused new tectonic movements.  That has led to a renewal of the erosion cycle and has transformed the area into a decaying plateau. These matters are matched with Theodore Oberlander theory about Zagros stream. Accordingly, it is expected that in the future, the erosion rate in the area will still be high and tidal activities will also occur.