Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
32
1
2017
6
1
Analysis of a New Approach to Understanding the Relationship Between Politics and Geographical Space in the School of Structuralism
9
23
FA
Ehsan
Lashgari
Department of Political Geography, Yazd University,Yazd,Iran
ehsanlashgari80@yahoo.com
Y
10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.9
In the philosophy of sciences, especially human science, definition and recognition of ontological and epistemological concepts could be different or even contradictory in different schools of thought. Therefore, defining the theoretical framework of a concept is one of the most fundamental principles in studying and analysis of that concept. In Geographical sciences one of the important spatial relationships is between politics and geographical space, the interpretation of which differs in different schools of thought. In this research, with respect to the fundamental nature of the research we have tried to take a critical look at the relationship between politics and geographical space in the school of structuralism, with regard to valid theoretical documents. The findings of the study show that in the school of structuralism the components of geographical space are interactive and integrated and ideologies and political institutions play a significant role in the evolution of geographical forms and processes as external and structural factors.
Territory, Ontology, Constructivism, Cultural geography.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-99-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
32
1
2017
6
1
Analysis of Morphological Factors in the Changes of Spatial Patterns of Alvand River
24
36
FA
Siavosh
Shayan
Department of Geography ,Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
N
Mohammad
Sharifi Kia
Department of Remote Sensing,Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
N
Nahid
Naseri
Department Geomorphology Tarbiat Modarres University,Tehran, Iran
nahidnaseri313@gmail.com
Y
10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.24
Alvand is a vital River in western Iran that forms Iran’s border for the length of 27 km. Recent droughts and special morphological infrastructure, have provided a possibility for variability in the geometric pattern and spatial distribution. Understanding and extracting such changes and the morphological factors behind them is the important subject of current research. For this purpose, the pattern of spatial changes of the river in the past half century (1334-1394), has been analyzed, using remote sensing images. In this regard, the length of the river was divided into 26 segments based on the current pattern, and geometric changes were analyzed based on vector maps derived from images taken from each of this parts. Finally, the important factors in these changes were mentioned. The findings represent a change in the geometric pattern of most parts of the river; so that in all the parts that were studied, the axis of the river has undergone a variability between 12 to 51 degrees. Changes in the spatial pattern of the river have been the consequence of geometric changes, the surface of the river has been reduced from 3,748,044 square meters in 1334 to 3,319,433 square meters in 1394. Research findings regarding the causes of these changes in the spatial and geometric pattern of the river, emphasize environmental factors, as well as the recent drought and human activities around the river as central factor influencing this change.
Fluvial geomorphology, The morphology of the river bed, River spatial change, Alvand river.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-100-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
32
1
2017
6
1
Estimation of Relationship between Frequency-Duration and Return Period of Extreme Climatic Events in Khorasan Razavi Province
37
50
FA
Maryam
Erfanian
Department of Water Engineering ,Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,Iran
N
Hossein
Ansari
Department of Water Engineering ,Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,Iran
ansariran@gmail.com
Y
Amin
Alizadeh
Department of Water Engineering ,Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,Iran
N
Mohammed
Banayan Aval
Department of Agriculture,Ferdowsi University of Mashhad ,Mashhad,Iran
N
10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.37
Nowadays there is more attention to extreme climatic events because of its consequent financial, social and economic damages. It is proved that changes in frequency and intensity of extreme events have more damaging effects on human life, social and natural systems than the average climate changes. Therefore, more studies are required to assess these events for better risk management. The objective of this study is to assess the relation between occurrence probability, duration and frequency of extreme events in Khorasan Razavi province. Daily temperature and rainfall data of 22 stations between the years of 1982 to 2012 were used. For more accuracy, these stations were first clustered with Ward method and were fitted by some statistical distribution. The best distribution was chosen and equations of frequency-duration-return period were derived from each cluster. One can know the frequency of extreme event with an arbitrary duration and return period based on the abovementioned relations, so these equations could help to manage risk and crisis regarding agricultural crops and also for more efficient insurance.
Extreme events, duration, Return period, Cluster analysis, Khorasan Razavi province.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-101-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-101-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
32
1
2017
6
1
Industrial Development and Deprivation in Iran’s Regions: 2009-2013
51
63
FA
Mohammad Ali
Feizpour
Department of Economics,Yazd University,Yazd, Iran
N
Zohre
Samanpour
Department of Economics,Yazd University,Yazd, Iran
samanpourzohre70@gmail.com
Y
10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.51
In development literature balanced and unbalanced growth perspectives in the dimensions of district and region are popular views, and decline in poverty and deprivation are known as a reflection of the mentioned view’s strength by the adherents of each view. Accordingly, the most pivotal issue in this study is investigating the impact of industrial development on deprivation rate in Iran’s regions. To measure the level of industrialization of different regions, three criteria of number of industrial firms, industrial employees and industrial production have been used at the interval of 2009-2013 and on the other hand, deprivation rate is evaluated by the number of people and households covered by Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF) in each region and in accordance with the population of those regions. Using panel data econometrics, the results show that industrialization of geographical regions decreases the number of individuals and households covered by IKRF at the mentioned era significantly. Based on the results of investigation, industrial development has provided the conditions for decline of deprivation manifested in reduction of clients of IKRF. In term of policy-making and based on findings of this study, paying attention to balanced growth of industrial sector in Iran’s regions is essential and necessary in order to decrease deprivation.
Industrial Development, Decreasing Deprivation, Panel Data Econometric Model, Iran Regions .
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-102-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-102-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
32
1
2017
6
1
Representation of Temperature Variability in Fars Province Using Spatial Statistics
64
75
FA
Mehdi
Asadi
Department of Geography,Hakim Sabzevari University,Sabzevar, Iran
Asadimehdi11@yahoo.com
Y
Mokhtar
Karami
Department of Geography,Hakim Sabzevari University,Sabzevar, Iran
N
10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.64
In order to identify the changes of spatial autocorrelation between heat clusters in Fars province, the minimum and maximum temperatures have been recorded to form a network database in Fars province. Then a 33 year period was selected for this research from the afore-mentioned database, the selected daily period was from 1/01/1980 to 12/31/2012, and an area with the dimensions of 18×18 km was added to the region under study. In order to achieve the temperature changes of these heat clusters, the newest spatial statistical methods such as spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran’s I), Anselin Local Moran’s and hot spots by environment GIS were used. The results of this study showed that the pattern of spatial and temporal variations of heat clusters of Fars Province is high-cluster. However, based on local Moran and hot spots, heat clusters in the South, South West and South East have positive spatial autocorrelation pattern (heat clusters) and parts of North and North East have a negative spatial autocorrelation (cold clusters). In the study period, a large part of the province, in most cases, almost half of the total area had no pattern of spatial autocorrelation, significant or non-significant.
Heat Clusters, Spatial Autocorrelation, Moran Index, Hot Spots, Fars.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-103-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-103-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
32
1
2017
6
1
Assessment of watershed Tectonic Activities in Southwest Side of Sabalan by Geomorphologic Characteristics
76
93
FA
Masomeh
Rajabi
Department of Geomorphology,University of Tabriz,Tabriz,Iran
N
Mir Ebrahim
Hashemian
Department of Geomorphology,University of Tabriz,Tabriz,Iran
MEHashemian@yahoo.com
Y
10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.76
Assessment of watershed tectonic activities is interesting for earth science researchers, especially tectonic geomorphology. In this regard, different methods have been used by researchers. These methods have been constantly developing and they consist a range of Geomorphometric methods, remote sensing, Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and other advanced techniques. In this study the remote sensing methods, Digital Elevation Model and geomorphic indicators (in the form of TecDem) were used to evaluate tectonic activity in southwest side of Sabalan Mountain. To determine the boundary of drainage basins Arc Hydro Model was used. The indices of concavity (Ѳ), slope (S), Iso Base Map and the profile of distribution slope with regression of log Networks were extracted from Digital Elevation Model and then the tectonics uplift rate of basins was calculated by using Stream Power Model. By using morphometric parameters and geomorphic indicators such as Transverse topographic symmetry factor (T), Stream Length-gradient index (SL) and Hypsometric integral (HI) in TecDem Model; Tectonic activities were evaluated in the studied basins. The results of the extracted components (i. e. distribution logarithmic regression of networks and slope, skewness values, Hypsometric integral, Iso Base Map, knick points and steepness and uplift rates proved dominance of active tectonic in the studied basins. So that the uplift tectonic rate is 0.33 to 0.51 mm/yr. Also, low indices of concavity (0.24 to 0.45) and high values of maximum gradient (80.6 to 132.2 percent) confirm the existence of high tectonic activity in study area. Accordingly, the results of surveys and morphotectonic evidences such as linear valleys, reverse fault scarps in Tajyar and Aghmiyun basins, the Shutter and liner rides along the Aghmiyun and Tajyar networks, replacement of Fan apex and diversion of networks caused by fault activity in southwest of Sabalan; prove the presence of active tectonics and good efficacy of TecDEM Model in evaluation of Tectonic Activities in study area.
Morphotectonics, Digital Elevation Models, Geomorphic Indicators, Sabalan, TecDem Model.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-104-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-104-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
32
1
2017
6
1
The Study of the Relationship Between Linguistic Identity and Place Names (Case Study: The Mountains in Khalkhal)
94
109
FA
Ata-Allah
Abdi
Department of Political Geography,Kharazmi University,Tehran, Iran
ataabdie@yahoo.com
N
Farideh
Lotfi
Department of Political Geography,Kharazmi University,Tehran, Iran
Y
Yadollah
Karimipur
Department of Political Geography,Kharazmi University,Tehran, Iran
N
Morteza
Tahami
Department of History,Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
N
10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.94
Geographical names are relatively pertinent components in introducing the historical background of places. In other words, despite the fact that should there be any variation in the culture and language pertinent to a region, geographical names rarely undergo any alteration. For this very reason in some cases, it is observed that there is less consistency between geographical names pertinent to a region and the spoken language of that region. Among such cases, one can find the region of Azerbaijan as an example. The Turkish language is the established language of Azerbaijan, with mostly non-Turkish place names. Therefore, this study seeks to understand the possible relation between URUNYMS in Khalkhal township as a part of Azerbaijan region and the Turkish language spoken in this region. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and data collection instruments are based on library resources. This study shows that despite major transformations from Azeri (Tatty) into Turkish in Khalkhal Township, the mountain names have not undergone notable changes and have preserved their original ancient forms. They are geographical words, with suffixes and prefixes, often seen in most other places in Iran. Also, most place names have a spatial distribution in other regions in Iran. Meanwhile, it appears that places names are non-Turkish, and if there has been any changes, it has been a mixture of ancient Azeri and Turkish names.
Identity, Place Names, Khalkhal, Azeri language, The Turkish language.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-105-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-105-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
32
1
2017
6
1
Identifying Trend Patterns of Mean Relative Humidity in Isfahan Province
110
120
FA
Hooshmand
Ataei
Department of Climatology,Payam Noor University, Isfehan, Iran
Hoo-Ataei@yahoo.com
Y
Razieh
Fanaei
Department of Climatology,Payam Noor University, Isfehan, Iran
N
10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.110
Increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere not only cause global warming but also cause changes in the behavior of meteorological parameters such as moisture in the air. The purpose of this research is to identify patterns of mean relative humidity in Isfahan in the past half a century. In this regard, the monthly mean relative humidity of 21 stations inside and outside the province during the period of 1961 to 2010 were analyzed. First homogeneity and normality of data were measured. Then station data were arranged in a matrix with the dimensions of 21×600 and the T mode, and were converted into pixel data with dimension of 5×5 square km through programming and interpolation by Kriging method. Then the data that were outside the province area were removed and 4260 pixels remained. In the next stage Mann - Kendall test was used to reach the trend for each pixel and the resulting trends were zoned and analyzed. The results indicate during February to November the decreasing trend covers most of the province, and by contrast, in the months of January and December there is no specific trend to be observed. Studies on the rate of change of relative humidity, confirmed that the greatest reduction in relative humidity happens during the months of February, August, March and April. In general, in the studied period, decreased the average relative humidity of Isfahan Province had decreased to 10/02 %.
Mann - Kendall test, Isfahan province, Trend, Relative humidity.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-106-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-106-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
32
1
2017
6
1
Determining Vulnerable Applications and Criteria for Spatial Locating With Emphasis on Unnatural Crises with AHP Method (Case Study: Sabzevar)
121
136
FA
Mohamdreza
Akhvan Abdollahian
Department Geography and Urban Planning University of Isfahan, Isfahan,Iran
N
Masuod
Taghvaei
Department Geography and Urban Planning University of Isfahan, Isfahan,Iran
m.taghvaei @ geo.ui.ac.ir
Y
Hamidreza
Varesi
Department Geography and Urban Planning University of Isfahan, Isfahan,Iran
N
10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.121
With the rapid increase in world population it is observed that most of this population is concentrated in cities. Nowadays about half of the world's population live in cities and it is estimated that from 2.2 billion people that will be added to earth’s population in the next 30 years, 2.1 billion will be living in cities. And 2 billion of these people are expected to be born in developing countries (UNDP Annual Report, 2003), which is one of the most significant security issues. So understanding passive defense and the factors that shape it have a strong impact on the security of the country and minimizing the potential damages to the country. Since our country Iran has unique political circumstances and geographical location, in the last three decades it has always been threatened from different aspects which shows the importance of passive defense in urban planning of different cities. Among the outstanding issues that are important in passive defense and crisis management is the location of strategic or vulnerable facilities. The aim of this research is to achieve recognition of applications that could be affected in times of crisis and to identify criteria of user location affected in times of crisis from the perspective of spatial-physical indicators (effective in positioning applications) for preparation and development of projects based on rules and regulations, and this has been done for the city of Sabzevar. Therefore, the literature and concepts related to passive defense, crisis management and mapping applications are analyzed, and then the appropriate definition of vulnerable facilities has been presented, as well as guidelines for locating these types of applications for protection in the time of crisis. The next step is to review the documents and maps of Sabzevar to prioritize the indicators identified by order of importance. At the end with the help of AHP-GIS method optimized sites have been identified for these centers. The results suggest that, given the circumstances and characteristics of Sabzevar compatibility standards, comfort, performance, utility, health and safety standards in locating vulnerable facilities are the most important.
Vulnerability-Mapping-Crisis- Application-Crisis Management, Urban Applications, AHP.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-107-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-107-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
32
1
2017
6
1
Evaluation of Natural- Structural Resilience of urban land use (Case Study: Region 1 Tehran)
137
148
FA
Mohammad Javad
Amiri
Department of Environmental planning & Management ,University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
N
Behnaz
Sepehrzad
Department of Environmental planning ,University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
N
Yasser
Moarab
Department of Environmental planning ,University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
yassermoarab@ut.ac.ir
Y
Esmaeil
Salehi
Department of Environmental planning & Management ,University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
N
10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.137
Cities are often the place for population density and man-made phenomena. Therefore, lack of preparation to cope with earthquakes, could cause in extensive physical and financial damage. On the other hand, how people cope with, react to or overcome natural pressure or technological pressure, is related to the extent that a community can regroup after the occurrence of a major disaster. In this regard, reviewing the natural and structural resilience of urban land use is the necessity of this research. The overall objective of this study is to obtain the effective factors in the structural- natural resilience of urban land use and to determine the importance of each of these factors and evaluate them in the region 1 of Tehran. This is a Descriptive analytical research. The theoretical framework of the research was formed by collecting data through library research. In order to assess the natural- structural resilience of land use, criteria and sub-criteria were determined based on expert opinions and evaluation of the previous researches. Then pairwise comparison of indicators have been done by 15 faculty members and experts in the field of environmental planning, urban planning, rural and urban planning. Also in order to evaluate and reach a final review, methods of FAHP, geographic information systems (GIS), Idrisi and Topsis have been used. Finally, assessments showed that the average resiliency of region 1 of Tehran Municipality is equivalent to 0.78. Accordingly suggestions and strategies to improve the resilience of land uses in the studied area are presented.
Resilience, Structural Land Use, Natural Land Use, Urban land use, Vulnerability.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-108-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-108-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
32
1
2017
6
1
Modeling Monthly Rainfall in Southern Baluchestan Basin
149
162
FA
Safar
Marofi
Department of Water Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
smarofi@yahoo.com
Y
Reza
Norooz Valashedi
Department Of Agro Meteorology,Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
N
Foroogh
Golkar
Department Of Agro Meteorology,Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
N
10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.149
Flood and drought have caused several damages in natural and unnatural ecosystems in recent decade. Rainfall prediction can be useful in water resource management. The goal of this study is modeling the monthly precipitation of south east of Iran in South-Baluchistan basin, using artificial neural network (ANN) and stochastic models. This area has an unpredictable and complicated monthly rainfall pattern due to impact of several different precipitation systems of other surrounding regions. SARIMA time series models and Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) are used in monthly precipitation forecasting. Monthly time series of rainfall during 1351-52 to 1387-88 in selected station were used in this study. Stations selection was based on Geographical distribution and data quality. Comparing the results of models of forecasting showed that TDNN model is superior to SARIMA time series model due to different rainfall systems and very sporadic precipitation in this area.
Precipitation, ANN, Time Series, Forecasting, South-Baluchestan Basin
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-109-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf