Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
27
2
2012
9
1
Principle Component Analysis of Extreme Indices of Zanjan City Precipitation
1
18
FA
Hossein
Asakereh
Zanjan University
asakereh@znu.ac.ir
Y
Climate is a multivariate system. Every change in every climate variable could result in different changes in climate. Recently، experts have paid extensive attention to frequency distribution sequence of climate elements. Accordingly، many different indices have been defined. Precipitation extremes can exhibit the phase space of climate system. A technique that can be used to analyze climate phase space is multivariate statistics. In order to analyze precipitation extremes simultaneity، 26 indices of daily precipitation of Zanjan city during 1961-2006 had been chosen. Principle Components Analysis has been used to find the most important components in extreme precipitation. Accordingly، 6 components could justify about 86.4% of variation in precipitation extremes indices. Spectral analyses on principle components have shown a 3- year cycle in second components as well as a 4-year cycle in forth component and 2-3 years cycles in the fifth. The second component that shows frequency and spells 95 percentile of precipitation has a significant decreasing trend. Also، there is a dropped jump in first component as the first percentile.
Extreme Precipitation Index, Principle Components, Trend, Precipitation Cycles, Zanjan, Spectrum Analysis
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-576-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-576-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
27
2
2012
9
1
Spatial analysis and urban land use planning in Dogonbadan (Gachsaran)
19
36
FA
Jamal
Mohamadi
Esfahan University
Y
Mahmud
Akbari
Esfahan University
N
One of the important problems in the urban development process in the world has been land use and planning for urban sustainability. Considering this important issue، this study investigates spatial analysis and urban land use planning in Dogonbadan. This research is applied- analytical and by applying land extension index and Hensen model intends to study and plan urban land use in this city. Urban land extension index was calculated to be 53.12 percentages that shows the extensive physical development of Dogonbadan city. The result of using Hensen model show that maximum development potential belongs to the zone 7 and 5. In the end of 2011 that population of Dogonbadan reaches to 07640(38550 increase in population)، we require1315.92 hectare (805.42 in current state and 510.50 hectare in the end of planning year) physical spaces for building various types of uses.
Hensen gravity and potential model, urban land extension index, land use planning, Dogonbadan city
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-577-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-577-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
27
2
2012
9
1
Spatial and temporal analysis of Iran extreme cold days\' trend
37
56
FA
Seyed Abolfazl
Masoodian
Esfahan University
s.a.masoudian@geo.ui.ac.ir
Y
Mohammad
Darand
Kurdistan University
N
In order to have spatial and temporal analysis of Iran extreme cold days'' trend، the average of daily temperature data from 663 synoptic and climatologic stations of Iran during the period of 1961/21/03 to 2004/19/03 were used. Then، temperature data on 15*15 kilometer pixels were interpolated using Kriging method for Iran. The extreme cold days were identified by Normalized Temperature Difference (NTD) index. According to the index، the days with NTD -2 were selected as extreme cold days. Then، a trend analysis was applied to the extreme cold days for each month of year. The results showed the negative trend extend of the extreme cold days is further than the positive trend extend. Positive trend located on the high mountains in Shahre Kord، Sannadaj، Zanjan to Ardabil and a thin band on Alborz mountains range. While a negative trend located on central-south of Iran. In January and July extreme cold occurrence is more frequent and least respectively.
Spatial and temporal analysis, Extreme cold events, Iran
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-604-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-604-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
27
2
2012
9
1
Evaluation of mutual interaction between influential civic regions in East Azerbaijan city Network (applying the gravity model and process analysis methods)
57
76
FA
Mohammad Hossein
Saraei
Yazd University
msaraei@yazduni.ac.ir
Y
Esmaeil
Pour Mohammad
N
There are continuous connections between a city and its periphery and the form of these relations varies. Collection of these relations makes an influential area forming the various relations between the city and periphery. These relations are not the same and do not have unique concentration and density; rather، they hey depend on population، geographic conditions and the role of the city in the special structure of the region. It is assumed that in Eastern Azerbaijan urban network، the civic dwellings are influenced by these different penetrative conditions. This study is descriptive- analytical and the data were collected through library studies، referring to statistic and maps. Therefore، this study attempts to consider the penetration area of Eastern Azerbaijan cities relying on quantitative، statistic (gravity rule) and geographic (analyzing procedures) methods. The results of this study in supra- regional level among the province''s central towns contiguous to Tabriz indicates that the penetration areas of Tabriz except Euromieh have advanced toward other central towns (Ardabil، zanjan، sanandaj) and inhibits their development and giving service to their own penetration areas. Marand and Bonab، in intraregional level among the five cities with more than 50 thousand population، have developed their penetration area and the penetration area of Marageh، Mianeh and Ahar has been of benefit to Tabriz and penetration area of 51 cities with less than 50 thousand population is of benefit to Tabriz and to their disadvantage. Also، considering towns with the some potential line، Tabriz، Marageh، Bonab، Marand، Mianeh، Ahar and sarab have the highest penetration and attraction coefficient. The same results are achieved with process analysis method that the penetration area of Tabriz influences the whole region and the district towns of the province (maragch، Marand، Mianeh، Ahar and Bonab) have developed their own penetration area. In general، we can conclude that the results of the theoretical and experimental penetration area are the same.
Penetration area, Civic Network, Eastern Azerbaijan
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-608-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-608-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
27
2
2012
9
1
Climatic Regionalization of Caspian Region Using Multivariate Statistical Methods
77
90
FA
Majid
Montazeri
Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad Unit, Esfahan
Montazeri244@Gmail.com
Y
Naser
Bay
Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad Unit, Esfahan
N
The weaknesses of the traditional climatic classification methods in presenting the climatic realities of Caspian region and showing the new methods'' merits based on multivariate statistical methods، and geographical information system in presenting the climatic regions of Caspian، are among the most important ideas of conducting this study. To do so، we used the data of synoptic stations of north and north east of the country in a period of 20 years. To analyze 19 climatic elements in “Factor analysis” method; at first the map of each studied climate of the region was traced by “Surfer software” on the bases of Pixel in a 15*15 km measure. And also by “minimum curvature” method، data of each map become interpolated. After that، data of each map were changed to digital data، which a matrix in a 266*19 measure was formed of those digital data. By analyzing the matrix in “Factor analysis” method، it was certificated that 98% data variance of it is of the precipitation and temperature that Data consist: 50% of the primary factor and 48% of the secondary factor. Quantities of precipitation and temperature were analyzed by “agglomerative hierarchical cluster analyzes” in “ward” method that the Caspian region was divided to four regions in the aftermath; moderate and humid، moderate and semi humid، cold and low precipitation، and semi cold and low precipitation. These minor climatic regions are greatly influenced by some climatic factors، as the remoteness and farness from the sea and the elevation increase. Climatic varieties in the eastern parts، especially in the limits of Golestan province، are more evident.
Climatic Regionalization, Interpolation, Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, Caspian region
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-610-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-610-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
27
2
2012
9
1
Estimation of poverty line and assessing the variation of poverty in rural areas of Isfahan province
91
114
FA
Farhad
Khodadad Kashi
Payam noor University
khodadad @pnu.ac.ir
Y
Ali Akbar
Solaimannejad
N
In this study، first we estimated the poverty line of household and poverty indices in rural areas between1999 to 2004. Stochastic dominance test is applied to compare the extent of poverty in the beginning year and the end year of third- socio economic development plan of Iran. The most important feature of this technique is providing comparative comparison of poverty in two years or different period. The results show that during these years the rural poverty line based on reciprocal of engel’s coefficient method has been greater than other relative poverty lines. Poverty lines were increasing in rural areas based on all of measuring poverty methods. Poverty gap and poverty intensity has been alleviated in rural areas. Besides، by using the stochastic dominance test، variation of poverty was tested and the results show the decreasing of poverty in rural areas of Isfahan province during the studied period. This may indicate that the poverty alleviation policies in the third plan have been promising.
poverty, FGT index, stochastic dominance, Isfahan
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-611-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-611-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
27
2
2012
9
1
115
128
FA
Amir
Gandomkar
aagandomkar@yahoo.com
Y
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-838-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-838-en.pdf
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
27
2
2012
9
1
129
149
FA
Bamshad
Shenavar
bamshadshenavar@yahoo.com
Y
Seyed Mohsen
Hosaini
N
Neda
Ovrak
N
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-898-en.html
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-898-en.pdf