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Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
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2017-03
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article
Spatial and Chronological Analysis of Deaths from Gastric Cancer in Tehran
Abolfazl Meshkini
1
Saeid Azadi Ghatar
S.azadi65@Modares.ac.ir
2
Abdolreza Roknoldin Eftekhari
3
Ehsan Mostafavi
4
Mohsen Ahadnejad Reveshti
5
Department Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Departmant Of Geography and Urban Planning ,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Department Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Department Of Epidemiology , Pasteur Institute of Iran ,Tehran,Iran
Department Of Geography , University Of Zanjan,Zanjan, Iran
Gastric cancer is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the third leading cause of death in men and the third most common cancer among women in the past two decades in Iran. Analysis on the relevant factors can result in better performance of the healthcare system in order to reduce the risk of this disease and improve public health. Due to the difference in the prevalence of this disease in various regions, this study tries to discover the spatial statics on stomach cancer, and to identify critical areas in metropolitan Tehran, to analyze the possible relations of getting gastric cancer with living in different areas of Tehran. The results showed that there is a higher risk of stomach cancer in south and central regions of Tehran that suffer higher levels of carcinogens in water and air.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-21-en.pdf
Spatial Analysis
Chronological Analysis
Stomach Cancer
Moran local Index
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Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
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2017-03
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44
article
Proposal of Financing the Revenue System of Municipalities and Proposing a Framework (Case Study: Tehran Municipality)
Fatemeh Vossughi
1
Gholamhossein Mozaffari
mozafari149@yahoo.com
2
Mohammad Hossein Papoli Yazdi
3
Hossein Hataminejad
4
Department Of Urbanism, Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Geography ,Shakhes Pajouh Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
Department Of Geograpy ,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Geography, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
Urban sustainable financing is one of the main challenges faced by politicians and urban planners. Municipalities are concerned with decreased revenues and controlling their costs on one hand and due to the income limitation, the inability to finance many urban projects on the other hand. Developing countries, including Iran, which have inefficient economies, poor tax systems and lack of mechanisms for citizen participation in the provision of urban costs, municipal revenue system, is drawn mainly to the unstable and unhealthy resources. This problem showed itself mainly in Iran after implementation of the 1980 municipal self-sufficiency policy and especially took place in Tehran more seriously than other cities. The two major challenges of Tehran Municipality Revenue System consist of: Unstable and unhealthy municipal revenue system and failure of Tehran’s Municipality to achieve the financial and monetary markets to cover the costs of the construction of urban infrastructure and urban projects. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the structure. For this reason, this paper has proposed two models to solve these two challenges. Model No. 1 will bring stabilization of municipality’s income and revenue system in long term in form of two patterns as "Controlling, reducing and phasing out unsustainable and unhealthy sources of income" and "managing, improving and increasing the role of sustainable revenue sources". Model No. 2 also focuses on providing new ways in order for Tehran Municipality to gain access to the financial and monetary markets. Data was collected for the period of 2008 to 2014 including codes of Tehran Municipality revenues and the amount of revenue generated by each code. We also conducted structured and semi-structured interviews with 30 specializing experts in the research topic. The results showed that during the study period, 58% of Tehran Municipality’s earned income has been achieved from unstable and unhealthy sources and 20% from relatively stable resources. Only 22% of revenue is obtained from healthy and sustainable resources. So, Tehran Municipal Income System is quite unstable and unhealthy in the present situation. The most important approaches presented in model 1 are: Replacing the Renovation Duties, Value Added Tax, Unused Land and wasteland complications with income derived from fines and other unhealthy sources, using green taxes, very high increase in the building density fine rate, reducing the number of permits granted for density, the use of new rigs charges, create clearances database for building crime offenders, getting out the user fees for municipal services, getting the infrastructure networks ramifications fee, improving relations between governments and municipalities, enabling sub-codes which have low income or zero income, using a combination of taxes, considering the municipal tourism revenues and reforming the structure of municipality’s identifying and collecting taxes. Of the most important approaches presented in model 2, may also include the creation of the Metropolitan Development Fund, taking advantage of the potential of domestic banks, using foreign borrowing, direct-entry of Tehran Municipality to the OTC, and using the potential of financing companies.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-22-en.pdf
Financing System
Sustainable Income
Tehran Municipality.
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Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
2538-4384
2017-03
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45
59
article
New Approach of Increasing Safety in Tehran by the Means of Passive Defense
Behshid Hosseini
1
Mohaddeseh Ghadiri
m.ghadiri1991@gmail.com
2
Department Of Architecture, Art University, Tehran, Iran
Department Of Urban Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Today it has been proven that it is almost impossible to take any action in complicated urban system without utilizing its internal capacities. The authors’ experiences show that improvement of safety level is not an exception. And concentrated top-down plans which aim to improve safety are not very successful in practice. Because if the citizens do not conform to these approaches and involve themselves in their enforcement, their implementation will cost highly and on the other hand will need permanent monitoring with the aim of preventing any contravention. Hence seeking for new approaches is essential. The authors’ experiences and new theories declare that the only pioneer approach is dividing the city to small local units and creating incentive and common goal which is improvement of neighborhood inhabitants’ safety as their common interest and more, improving the level of safety in these units by residents participation and at the end improving city safety through providing high level of safety in its small units. The items which are related to physical factors are the most important items of improving the safety level. In fact a context with minimum vulnerability toward disasters and planning for minimizing military attacks can have a considerable impact on residents’ safety. Appropriate locating of significant infrastructures and strategic facilities, which have critical role in city vulnerability and could be very effective in managing disasters after they have occurred plays an important role in improving safety level. It is indeed necessary to introduce an optimum pattern for locating these land uses with the participation of inhabitants. A pattern that due to neighborhood inhabitants’ involvement has the least implementation obstacles. Accordingly, in this research, after presenting the principles of participation, neighborhood orientation and scrutinizing of these land uses, all the significant land uses will be located in a neighborhood as an example. The selected neighborhood for this research is Bagh Melli neighborhood, in district 12 of Tehran. And eventually it would be possible with the participation of inhabitants.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-25-en.pdf
Improvement of safety
Significant land uses
Neighborhood orientation.
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Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
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2017-03
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60
73
article
Implementation of Operational City Bus Systems in Order to Organize Public Transportation
Arman Sajedinejad
sajedinejad@irandoc.ac.ir
1
Erfan Hasannayebi
2
Institute for Information, Science and Technology (IranDoc), Tehran, Iran
Department Industrial Engineering ,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Due to the substantial share of public transportation in urban travels, it is necessary to improve qualitative and quantitative aspects of public transportation. In quantitative perspective, it is important to improve characteristics such as infrastructure, number of fleets and coverage area. From a qualitative perspective, factors such as convenience, comfort and the quality of equipment have to be considered. In order to encourage citizens to use public transportation, it is necessary to improve the quantitative and qualitative aspects of bus transportation systems simultaneously. In this paper, the strategies of organizing urban bus transportation will be discussed and analyzed focusing on a framework based on Operational City Bus Systems. Also in this paper, the authors intend to elaborate and analyze required information and its role in designing urban transportation systems.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-26-en.pdf
Public Transport
Urban Bus System
Travel Time
Designing Operating Systems.
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Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
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2017-03
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74
87
article
The Role of Vibrant Markets in Organizing Tehran
Hossein Mokhtari Hashi
h.mokhtari@geo.ui.ac.ir
1
Golnaz Naseroleslami
2
Amin Moradi
3
Department Political Geography University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Department Political Geography University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Department Political Geography University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
The market status in this context consists of the measures that affect the performance of financial units. Measures that are beyond the control of the managers of these units. The financial market is one of the defining factors of the financial status of each country, based on which the economical situation of each country could be assessed. Transparency and competitiveness are the factors that lead to a healthy market, foreign and domestic investment in industry, success of productive financial activities and elimination of counterproductive activities. A major reason for the recession that has overshadowed the financial market in recent years, is the lack of interest to invest in industrial sections due to discouraging statistics in this context. This not only directs capital into non-productive sections, but also seriously affects employment in all regions of the country. Which leads to a lot of unemployed people who engage in non-productive activities. The high rate of immigration to Tehran is due to the fact that large amounts of capital are invested in Tehran instead of being invested in productive sections throughout the country. This situation has directly and indirectly affected Tehran and it makes the efforts for organizing Tehran futile. The present study is seeking to analyze the effect of improving financial markets on the vibrancy of industrial units throughout the country with a descriptive and analytical approach. It also seeks to analyze and elaborate the relationship between satisfactory financial markets and decreased immigration rate to Tehran and balanced financial prosperity in various regions of the country as well as relieving the pressure on Tehran and making it easier to organize
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-27-en.pdf
Financial Market
Economy
Urban Organization.
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Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
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2017-03
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110
article
A Game Theoretic Approach to Reordering and Optimal Governance of Urban Fringes (Insights for Farmland Change Conflict)
Majid Sheikh Mohammady
msheikhm@modares.ac.ir
1
Amir safaei
2
Department Industrial Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Department Environment ,University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran
Changing farmland into constructed areas at urban fringes can be counted as one of the most critical land use conflicts in Iran. Regarding impacts of such change whether from the point of urban sprawl or environmental preservation, it would be necessary to study and resolve these conflicts for reordering and optimal governance of urban fringes. This paper is seeking to investigate two questions: 1) could game theory be used as a suitable and flexible tool to resolving such conflicts? 2) Have these conflicts’ parties been motivated to take more non cooperative interactions which finally lead to farmland loss in urban fringes affected by the employed farmland preservation and urban growth management policies and mechanisms in Iran? To seek answers, a game theoretic conflict model was developed using the graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR), to analyze the conflict over farmland change in Qom metropolis, one of the controversial land-use conflicts in Iran. Results show that if current policies and mechanisms prevail, the most likely outcome of the conflict would be continual farmland loss. In this situation, municipal administrations would choose to take actions that will result in dispersed growth of farmland while developers and constructors prefer to change the land use and redevelop them so that the farmland owners prefer selling their lands over keeping their agricultural activities. Therefore, the results acknowledged the capability of game theory as a reliable method for resolving and preventing conflicts in land use change situations. Also strategic insights provided into the Qom land use change conflict underlined the necessity of revising current national policies and mechanisms of farmland preservation and urban growth management.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-28-en.pdf
Urban fringes
Farmland
Land use
GMCR.
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Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
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2017-03
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article
Geopolitical Explanation Necessity of Tehran Urban Management at Global Class Scale
Syrus Ahmadi Nohadani
sahmadi@modares.ac.ir
1
Hossein Zanganeh Shahraki
2
Department Political Geography,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Department Political Geography,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Development requires production of wealth and this is dependent on economic growth in a competitive space. Spatial distribution of wealth, population and the independence amount of big cities are now affected by globalization processes all over the world. One of the consequences of globalization is that the domain of intercity relationship and urban networks has improved to international level. One of the fundamental problems of Iran is local thinking and lack of global thinking. The geopolitical changes of recent decades have been so fast that they have surprised political decision makers and have actuated them to adopt reactive approaches to deal with them. Regularization and management of Tehran as the capital and main center of government in Iran and given the roll that it plays in the region and the world, it can not be free of global developments and out of globalization processes. Any attempt at optimal management of Tehran would not be successful without attendance to the components and features of globalization.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-29-en.pdf
Tehran
Geopolitics
Urban management
Global class
Globalization.
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Geographical Researches
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article
An Approach to Socio-Spatial Planning and Organizing of Tehran, Based on Analysis the Behavior of Vulnerable Women
Tayebeh Seifouri
1
Gholamreza Garmaroudi
2
Jalal Karami
Jl.karami@modares.ac.ir
3
Department of Health and Health Promotion, University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
Department of Health and Health Promotion, University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
Department of Remote Sensing and GIS ,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
In this study, we examine the spatio-social challenges of Tehran, from the urban planning point view, with the approach of the factors associated with sexual risk behaviors of street women (behaviors that were associated with sexual activity) Through field survey and preparation of the questionnaire. A cross-sectional study in order to measure the factors that lead to increased risky sexual behaviors and measure the quality of life on the Sex workers, are designed. Participants in the study are Sex workers who registered in the centers for vulnerable women. A total of 250 of these women selected based on clustering procedure. Questionnaire with 36 questions were written. According to the results, more than half of the women, aged between 17 and 35 years and the age group 26-30 years was the most common. In terms of marital status, the highest rates were related to divorced women and widows respectively. A very low number of people had a private home and more than half of them live in warm and rental houses. The relationship between drug use and age was significant and 81 percent of these individuals experienced drug use and this figure for alcohol was 61%. In overall, results showed that comprehensive spatio-social organization plan, regardless of considering vulnerable people would be incomplete
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-30-en.pdf
Vulnerable women
Sexual Risk Behaviors
Spatio- Social Planning
Tehran.
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Geographical Researches
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150
article
Diversification and Complication of the Administrative System as a Model for Optimal Administration of Tehran
Mir Yaghoub Seyyed Rezaei
seyedrezai@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Modern society is complex and complex societies need complex administration. Thus, to understand the roots of a problem and overcome that problem understanding the complexity of the environment, and a complex and dynamic administrative system are essential. Therefore, with increase in the levels of complexity and diversity of social systems, application of complex theories and adaptive systems to cope with them is vital for administrators. However, the role of the capital and its administrative system is very important. Especially in developing countries, due to excessive centralization in political, economic, cultural, and administrative structures, and interrelations among them as well as providing direct service to public by local government. Thus the aim of this study is emphasis on diversification and complication of local government system proportional to the complexity of its environment as a way to solve the problems associated with the capital’s social system. In this line, emphasis on the need to design systems that are compatible in terms of complexity is essential for administrative systems. In turn, for better success in today's changing environment and administration by city administrators, it is recommended that systematic thinking should be taught through workshops, complex adaptive systems theory, complexity theory and the law of requisite variety
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-31-en.pdf
: Adaptive Complex System
Optimal Administration
Law of Requisite variety
Law of Requisite Complexity
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Geographical Researches
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article
Space-Time Analysis of Mortality from Gastric Cancer in Tehran
Sajad Delfan Beyranvand
1
Jalal Karami
jl.karami@modares.ac.ir
2
Ali Shamsodini
3
Department Remote sensing and GIS ,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Department Remote sensing and GIS ,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Department Remote sensing and GIS ,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Gastric cancer is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the third leading cause of death in men and the third most common cancer among women in the past two decades in Iran. Analysis the effective related agents can resulted in performance the health system in order to reduce the risk of this disease and help improve the public health. This study due to the difference in various regions, try to discover the spatial trend of Stomach cancer, and to identify critical areas in Metropolitan Tehran, Local Moran autocorrelation index taking into account the different levels of gastric cancer in Tehran. The results showed the High risk of stomach cancer in South and central regions of Tehran that suffering higher levels of pollution in water and air.
http://georesearch.ir/article-1-36-en.pdf
Analysis of space-time
Stomach cancer
local Moran index
Spatio-temporal of mortality
Tehran metropolitan city.