Geographical Research

Background and Amis: The city-wide competition economy is causing the municipality to seek to attract private sector investment. But investors are looking for economic assurance for investment, and urban space qualities are important to them. Meanwhile, urban designers have different justifications for their economic impact in the process of providing qualities of urban space. The absence of categorized classifications of urban space qualities, based on its impact on economic metrics to direct urban space design methods, has created a challenge to attract investors’ attention.
Therefore, urban designers should fulfill the economic justification and local identity with utilizing quality classification. The purpose of this paper is to prioritize the qualities of urban space that is effective in providing expectations of investors based on the views of urban designers. By prioritizing urban designers in addition to providing effective qualities, they can provide economic justification for investment. Since central district of Mashhad city has transnational tourism and economic attractiveness for private sectors, it has been selected as a case study for this paper.  Delphi technique has been used to prioritize urban space qualities and to build a consensus between urban designers. 
Methodology: In order to study this research, 12 effective qualities in urban space design were selected. Then, the degree of importance of urban space quality were calculated.
Conclusion: The findings represent a high score for functional dimensional quality. Finally, the results show that the first-class qualities provide the most investor expectations.

Aims: The frequency of criticisms about the “Master Plan Model” and its long-term and almost unchanging persistence, despite the extensive instabilities before and after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, indicate the need to examine the "relationship between the planning style and the planning environment" that has been forgotten. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of this model in the Iranian planning environment.
Methodology: In the research process, the ‘planning style’ and ‘Planning style identification device’ were clarified by the documentary research method. And, by the content analysis method and its relevant reasoning styles, the elements of two groups: “the planning environment of Iran” and “the determinants of, and constraints on, planning factors” that used to selecting the compatibility planning style, both of them elucidate the “Planning style identification device” indicators, were evaluated.
Findings: The characters of “the big image” of Iran's planning environment was: an unstable figure; indeterminacy future visions; a planning environment which is under control of political system and government structures; an unsustainable community with several Cleavages in society and a Specific feature that named “Iranian-Islamic” society. And also shown that the effected factors in evaluating planning style is: “uncertain” on ‘image’; “holistic” in ‘community image’; “wide” for ‘Scope of image’; “incomplete” in ‘controlling the planning environment’; “small” in ‘Relative autonomy’; “political role” for ‘The planner role’ and with high “internal and external planning time”.
Conclusion: The suitable planning style for the Iranian planning environment: In the ‘planning approach’ tends to “process planning with a timing revision framework”; in the ‘Review & Evaluation’ tends to “Comprehensive Rational Planning” and in the ‘planning act’ tends to “normative planning”. Also it was illustrated the inconsistency of the Iranian planning environment with the current ‘Master Plan model’ and the “rational comprehensive planning” can be the suitable planning style.

Amis: Religious tourism is considered one of the most prosperous tourism types by many planners and managers of holy cities. Tourists are one of the most influential groups in planning holy cities, and it is necessary to see tourists' behavior in the plans and policies of urban planners because planning holy cities by the behavior of tourists lead to their satisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and prioritize tourists' behavioral components in Mashhad to obtain their satisfaction.
Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted in the summer of 2019 in tourists in Mashhad. 384 people were randomly selected and answered the researcher-made questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data, and the Friedman test was used to prioritize.
Findings: The loyalty component related to the satisfaction dimension with an average of 4.80, the mental image component related to the attitude dimension with an average of 4.35 and the needs component related to the motivation dimension with an average of 4.18 had the most and the commitment components with an average of 3.46 and participation with an average of 3.28 had the least impact on urban planning.
Conclusion: To gain more satisfaction with tourists, the results of which can be reflected in participation, commitment, and loyalty to the destination city, accurate and comprehensive identification of tourist behavior in the destination city should be considered by managers and urban planners.

Aims: Today, the inconsistencies range of last seven decades planning and urban plans which were due to the lack of formulating an indigenous theory base on the Iran's planning environment characteristics, are visible. Achieving to the interacted urban planning theory with the official structural elements of Iran’s planning environment is the research aim.
Methodology: This is a qualitative research with the critical approach. "Classical Grounded theory" is the foundation of research provision. Targeted semi-structured interviews with 30 experts and documentary research of 100 published scientific and research documents (1991-2020) provided the data that coded by the MAXQDA software. The research validity was confirmed by reviewing the literature and "Assessment with the seven criteria of Strauss and Corbin" and "Assessment with the Cresol questions".
Findings: In the data linking (860 open cods) and conceptualizing process of this research, with "autographs" and the participation of interviewees, the basic codes of "macro-planning structure", "theories and theoretical frameworks" and "planning environment" were identified. The official planning structure and "the elements of the official urban planning structure" and the basic code of "coordination model of the official planning structure elements" and three basic categories of: "incoordination and inconsistency in the process of providing and implementation the plan", "inconsistency and incoordination of theoretical frameworks of planning model" and "incoordination In the urban governance" with using the "graph model" was clarified.
Conclusion: The research showed: the "coordination" concept is the codes and categories central core which lead to the interacted planning theory with the elements of the official structure of Iran’s planning environment. The focal phenomenon that shows "the theory of this research" is "coordinated planning" with the strategies of: "theoretical guidance for organizing a coordinated planning process" and "practical guidance for coordinating the role, viewpoint, interaction, etc. of institutions and users involved in planning".

Aims: The provision of services will not be possible by urban management alone. Therefore, cooperation between the private and public sector in form of public-private partnership is necessary. In partnership between the private sector and the public sector, common interests are very fundamental. Less researches are about urban planning incentives which is addressed to the agreed incentives of both the public and private sectors. So, this paper identifies urban planning incentives in public-private partnership in accordance with the opinions of the investor and urban management for the first time.
Methodology: The present inquiry has been done through a qualitative approach in 2020.  The sampling method was non-random and these interviews were continued with 11 people until saturation was obtained. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with investors and municipal employees as public and private sectors. Data analysis and coding was done through sub-coding and attribute coding.
Findings: The collected data were analyzed in the form of 110 primary codes, 29 sub-codes and 5 categories such as appropriate environment, increasing users, indirect profitability, direct profitability and increasing land and building prices. Sub-coding were about flexibility, site selection and land use.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that urban planning incentives are not only limited to financial benefit and profitability, but also include factors such as public satisfaction and creating an appropriate environment.