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Volume 39, Issue 4 (2024)
GeoRes 2024, 39(4): 433-441 |
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Received: 2024/10/26 | Accepted: 2024/12/15 | Published: 2024/12/20
Received: 2024/10/26 | Accepted: 2024/12/15 | Published: 2024/12/20
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Faraji A, Sarvari H, Saeidi Mofrad S, Sarvari A. Model of Recreating Old Urban Textures with Emphasis on Strategic Methods of Sustainable Income of Tehran City Central Context. GeoRes 2024; 39 (4) :433-441
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1- Department of Urban Planning, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
2- Department of Economics, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
2- Department of Economics, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Background
Before the Industrial Revolution, urban changes were slow and had little impact on the physical structure of cities. However, with economic, social, and technological transformations, urban fabrics underwent significant changes, leading to numerous issues in historic urban areas. Addressing these challenges requires a regeneration approach supported by sustainable revenue strategies.
Previous Studies
Previous studies have explored sources of sustainable urban revenue and the regeneration of historic urban areas. Quaidan and Daghilzadeh (2021) identify public levies—particularly those from the sale of goods and services—as key sources of sustainable municipal income. Gholipor et al. (2019) have proposed a package of strategies for achieving sustainable revenues in Urmia Municipality. Aram and Shahvazi (2022) have found that a share of national tax revenues represents the most stable income source for Tehran. Mousavi et al. (2021) analyze funding sources for sustainable urban development. Yazdani and Amiri (2023) have examined the impact of good urban governance on sustainable revenues and found a significant positive correlation. Additionally, Abbasi et al. (2022), Rasouli (2022), Karimzadeh and Hadadian (2023), and Amini et al. (2018) addressed various aspects of sustainable revenue, public participation, and regeneration capacities across different Iranian cities.
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to explain and present a regeneration model for historic urban fabrics, with an emphasis on strategic approaches to sustainable revenue in the central district of Tehran.
Research Type
This study was applied in nature.
Research Society, Place, and Time
This applied study was conducted in the central district of Tehran in the year 1403 (2024–2025). The statistical population consisted of 290 experts and specialists in the fields of geography, urban planning, and architecture.
Sampling Method and Number
After calculating the sample size using Cochran's formula, 165 individuals were selected for the study through simple random sampling.
Used Devices & Materials
The main research instrument was a 26-item questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. Its validity was confirmed by academic experts, and its reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha (above 0.7). For data analysis, Excel was used for the DEMATEL technique, SPSS 19 was employed for data entry and preparation, and Smart PLS 4 was used for modeling relationships and conducting PLS analysis.
Findings by Text
In this study, 26 indicators were classified into 7 criteria and 2 main dimensions: “Urban Fabric Regeneration” and “Sustainable Revenue Strategies” (Table 1). Among these, “Sustainable Infrastructure Development” was identified as the most influential criterion, while “Creating Economic Opportunities” showed the highest level of influenceability (Table 2). In the dimension of sustainable revenue strategies, “Environmental Sustainability” demonstrated the highest impact, whereas “Cost Optimization Management” was the most influenced.
Table 1. Research criteria and indicators
Table 2. Causal relationship analysis of criteria for urban fabric regeneration and sustainable revenue strategies
Based on the structural equation modeling results, “Social Participation and Community Empowerment” had the greatest effect on urban fabric regeneration (path coefficient: 0.562), and “Urban Fabric Regeneration” had a significant and positive effect on sustainable revenue strategies (path coefficient: 0.650) (Figure 1, p < 0.0001).
Figure 1. Factor loading model for evaluating the proposed model of urban fabric regeneration with emphasis on strategic sustainable revenue approaches
Regarding construct validity and reliability, the indicator “Preservation and Maintenance of the Old Fabric” had the highest Cronbach’s alpha (0.834), while “Environmental Sustainability” had the highest composite reliability (0.905) and convergent validity (0.827) (Table 3).
Table 3. Convergent validity, composite reliability, and Cronbach’s Alpha of the research indicators
Furthermore, according to the significance coefficients, all examined paths between variables had a significant and positive effect; particularly, the effects of regeneration on revenue source diversification (t = 17.91), cost optimization management (t = 14.42), and environmental sustainability (t = 7.56) were confirmed (Figure 2, p < 0.0001).
Figure 2. Significance coefficients of parameters within each construct
Main Comparisons to Similar Studies
Compared to previous studies, the present research offers a more comprehensive and practical perspective on the regeneration of historic urban fabrics with an emphasis on sustainable revenue strategies. Unlike studies such as Quaidan & Daghilzadeh (2021) and Gholipor et al. (2019), which primarily have focused on analyzing municipal revenue types and the obstacles to achieving them, this study addressed the direct relationship between these revenues and the regeneration process. Moreover, in contrast to Aram & Shahvazi (2022), who take a macro-level view of revenue policies, this research operated at the operational level within the central fabric of Tehran. The findings also align with Mousavi et al. (2021), who have confirmed the key role of economic opportunities in urban renewal. However, unlike the qualitative approach of Karimzadeh & Hadadian (2023), this study employed structural equation modeling to statistically analyze the relationships between parameters. Furthermore, international studies such as Li et al. (2024), which emphasize resident satisfaction, complement the findings of this research.
Suggestions
The recommendations of this study emphasize strengthening the regeneration of historic urban fabrics through supporting local businesses with financial facilities and consulting services, implementing restoration programs for historical buildings with financial incentives, empowering residents through educational workshops, developing income-generating activities such as markets and cultural events, and establishing financial management systems to optimize costs and resources in local institutions.
Conclusion
Social participation and community empowerment had the greatest impact, while preservation and maintenance of the historic fabric had the least impact on the regeneration of old urban areas in central Tehran. Moreover, the development of sustainable infrastructure and the creation of economic opportunities have weakened the strategies for sustainable income.
Acknowledgments: The authors sincerely appreciate the collaboration of experienced urban planning experts and city managers who contributed to this study.
Ethical Permission: The authors have no ethical issues to report.
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Author Contributions: Faraji A (First Author), Main Researcher (60%); Sarvari H (Second Author), Introduction Writer/Methodologist (30%); Saeidi Mofrad S (Third Author), Statistical Analyst (5%); Sarvari AA (Fourth Author), Methodologist/Discussion Writer (5%)
Funding: This article is derived from the doctoral dissertation of the first author entitled "Presenting a Regeneration Model for Historical Urban Fabrics with Emphasis on Strategic Sustainable Income Methods: Case Study of Central Tehran", and the research expenses were funded by the first author.
Before the Industrial Revolution, urban changes were slow and had little impact on the physical structure of cities. However, with economic, social, and technological transformations, urban fabrics underwent significant changes, leading to numerous issues in historic urban areas. Addressing these challenges requires a regeneration approach supported by sustainable revenue strategies.
Previous Studies
Previous studies have explored sources of sustainable urban revenue and the regeneration of historic urban areas. Quaidan and Daghilzadeh (2021) identify public levies—particularly those from the sale of goods and services—as key sources of sustainable municipal income. Gholipor et al. (2019) have proposed a package of strategies for achieving sustainable revenues in Urmia Municipality. Aram and Shahvazi (2022) have found that a share of national tax revenues represents the most stable income source for Tehran. Mousavi et al. (2021) analyze funding sources for sustainable urban development. Yazdani and Amiri (2023) have examined the impact of good urban governance on sustainable revenues and found a significant positive correlation. Additionally, Abbasi et al. (2022), Rasouli (2022), Karimzadeh and Hadadian (2023), and Amini et al. (2018) addressed various aspects of sustainable revenue, public participation, and regeneration capacities across different Iranian cities.
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to explain and present a regeneration model for historic urban fabrics, with an emphasis on strategic approaches to sustainable revenue in the central district of Tehran.
Research Type
This study was applied in nature.
Research Society, Place, and Time
This applied study was conducted in the central district of Tehran in the year 1403 (2024–2025). The statistical population consisted of 290 experts and specialists in the fields of geography, urban planning, and architecture.
Sampling Method and Number
After calculating the sample size using Cochran's formula, 165 individuals were selected for the study through simple random sampling.
Used Devices & Materials
The main research instrument was a 26-item questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. Its validity was confirmed by academic experts, and its reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha (above 0.7). For data analysis, Excel was used for the DEMATEL technique, SPSS 19 was employed for data entry and preparation, and Smart PLS 4 was used for modeling relationships and conducting PLS analysis.
Findings by Text
In this study, 26 indicators were classified into 7 criteria and 2 main dimensions: “Urban Fabric Regeneration” and “Sustainable Revenue Strategies” (Table 1). Among these, “Sustainable Infrastructure Development” was identified as the most influential criterion, while “Creating Economic Opportunities” showed the highest level of influenceability (Table 2). In the dimension of sustainable revenue strategies, “Environmental Sustainability” demonstrated the highest impact, whereas “Cost Optimization Management” was the most influenced.
Table 1. Research criteria and indicators
Table 2. Causal relationship analysis of criteria for urban fabric regeneration and sustainable revenue strategies
Based on the structural equation modeling results, “Social Participation and Community Empowerment” had the greatest effect on urban fabric regeneration (path coefficient: 0.562), and “Urban Fabric Regeneration” had a significant and positive effect on sustainable revenue strategies (path coefficient: 0.650) (Figure 1, p < 0.0001).
Figure 1. Factor loading model for evaluating the proposed model of urban fabric regeneration with emphasis on strategic sustainable revenue approaches
Regarding construct validity and reliability, the indicator “Preservation and Maintenance of the Old Fabric” had the highest Cronbach’s alpha (0.834), while “Environmental Sustainability” had the highest composite reliability (0.905) and convergent validity (0.827) (Table 3).
Table 3. Convergent validity, composite reliability, and Cronbach’s Alpha of the research indicators
Furthermore, according to the significance coefficients, all examined paths between variables had a significant and positive effect; particularly, the effects of regeneration on revenue source diversification (t = 17.91), cost optimization management (t = 14.42), and environmental sustainability (t = 7.56) were confirmed (Figure 2, p < 0.0001).
Figure 2. Significance coefficients of parameters within each construct
Main Comparisons to Similar Studies
Compared to previous studies, the present research offers a more comprehensive and practical perspective on the regeneration of historic urban fabrics with an emphasis on sustainable revenue strategies. Unlike studies such as Quaidan & Daghilzadeh (2021) and Gholipor et al. (2019), which primarily have focused on analyzing municipal revenue types and the obstacles to achieving them, this study addressed the direct relationship between these revenues and the regeneration process. Moreover, in contrast to Aram & Shahvazi (2022), who take a macro-level view of revenue policies, this research operated at the operational level within the central fabric of Tehran. The findings also align with Mousavi et al. (2021), who have confirmed the key role of economic opportunities in urban renewal. However, unlike the qualitative approach of Karimzadeh & Hadadian (2023), this study employed structural equation modeling to statistically analyze the relationships between parameters. Furthermore, international studies such as Li et al. (2024), which emphasize resident satisfaction, complement the findings of this research.
Suggestions
The recommendations of this study emphasize strengthening the regeneration of historic urban fabrics through supporting local businesses with financial facilities and consulting services, implementing restoration programs for historical buildings with financial incentives, empowering residents through educational workshops, developing income-generating activities such as markets and cultural events, and establishing financial management systems to optimize costs and resources in local institutions.
Conclusion
Social participation and community empowerment had the greatest impact, while preservation and maintenance of the historic fabric had the least impact on the regeneration of old urban areas in central Tehran. Moreover, the development of sustainable infrastructure and the creation of economic opportunities have weakened the strategies for sustainable income.
Acknowledgments: The authors sincerely appreciate the collaboration of experienced urban planning experts and city managers who contributed to this study.
Ethical Permission: The authors have no ethical issues to report.
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Author Contributions: Faraji A (First Author), Main Researcher (60%); Sarvari H (Second Author), Introduction Writer/Methodologist (30%); Saeidi Mofrad S (Third Author), Statistical Analyst (5%); Sarvari AA (Fourth Author), Methodologist/Discussion Writer (5%)
Funding: This article is derived from the doctoral dissertation of the first author entitled "Presenting a Regeneration Model for Historical Urban Fabrics with Emphasis on Strategic Sustainable Income Methods: Case Study of Central Tehran", and the research expenses were funded by the first author.
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