Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
30
4
2016
3
1
Active Tectonic and its Relationship with Volume of the Alluvial Fans (Case Study: Five Basins in North-eastern of Central Iran)
6
29
FA
Abolghasem
Amir Ahmadi
Department of Natural Geography, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar,Iran
Majid
Ebrahimi
Department of Natural Geography, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar,Iran
Mahmoud
Habibolahian
Department of Natural Geography, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar,Iran
Mohammad Ali
Zangeneh Asadi
Department of Natural Geography, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar,Iran
Ali-Akbar
Shayan Yeganeh
Department of Natural Geography, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar,Iran
There is a harmonious relationship between the topographic forms of the surface of the earth and hydrologic systems in the geologically active regions. A quantitative estimation between neo-tectonic activities and surface processes is made to formulate and model the evolution of the land perspective. In this study, the alluvial fans of five catchment areas in Sabzevar, Davarzan, Jovein, Safi Abad and Esfarayen in Kavir Markazi (Central Desert) drainage totally amounting to 140 alluvial fans are studied. The parameters of the radius of the alluvial fan(r) and height(h) were calculated using ARCGIS and angle of alluvial fan sweep(s) was obtained using electronic protractor. Then, the volume of each alluvial fan using Church and Giles methods was obtained and linear relationship and the correlation coefficient between the volumes of the alluvial fans(V) and basins feeding them(BA) were set up. In the next step, using geomorphologic indexes, the tectonic activities of the region(Lat) were assessed. The results of this study show that although there is a significant relationship between the volume of the alluvial fan(V) and the area of the upper basin(BA), in the area under study, there is no significant relationship except in Davarzan which has a high correlation coefficient (0.742). There is no relationship between the volume of the alluvial fans(V) and the area of the upper drainage(BA) between two mentioned factors in other areas. Therefore, tectonic plays a basic role in increasing or decreasing the volume of the alluvial fans and the area of the upper basin of the alluvial fans(BA) as a subsidiary element in a way that the alluvial fans of Jovein, Safi abad and Esfarayen are classified of high geologic activities and the alluvial fans of Sabzevar are of medium geologic activities and Davarzan catchment alluvial fans are placed in the class of low geologic activities.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
30
4
2016
3
1
Comparative study of Iran’s maritime realms in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea with the convention of the International Law of the Sea
30
53
FA
Reza
Allahverdizadeh
Department Of Political Geography ,Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran,Iran
Mohammad Reza
Hafeznia
Department Of Political Geography ,Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran,Iran
Iran’s maritime realms are regulated based on the rule of maritime areas of Iran (which were approved in 1993) internal rules and international laws. This study aims at comparative investigation of rules of Iran’s maritime areas with the convention of the Law of the sea. Also, it aims at analyzing the rule of maritime areas with respect to international and internal laws and legal rules. Differences and ambiguities of rule approved by Iran parliament with the content of 1982 convention, opportunities, incomplete potentials and legal deficiencies of rules of Iran’s maritime areas are explained by comparative investigation of rules of Iran’s maritime areas with the convention of 1982. This research is an applied research from purpose perspective and the research methodology is based on descriptive- analytic along with the content analysis of the related documents like rules of Iran’s maritime areas and the convention of the Law of the sea.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
30
4
2016
3
1
The Impact of Climatic Extreme Events on Aeolian Geomorphic Process from Catastrophic Theory aspect (Case study: Coastal Plain of Western Makran)
54
63
FA
Siavosh
Shayan
Department Of Natural Geography, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran,Iran
Mohammad
Akbarian
Department Of Natural Geography,University of Hormozgan,Bandar Abbas,Iran
Catastrophic theory provides an appropriate method for modeling the dynamical systems that are accompanied with sudden changes. Cyclone Gonu is a Climatic extreme event that had a significant impact on soil and vegetation of coastal deserts of southeastern of Iran. Such an extreme event at a lower intensity occurred in April 2013 in Jask County (southeast of Iran). The aim of this research is to study the relationships between the exceptional climatic events and their affected changes in the soil and vegetation with wind erosion as a geomorphologic process. Research data included spatial distributions of landforms, precipitations data, Petrologic scores, terrain shape and roughness, wind velocity and conditions, soil and its non-life coverage factors, vegetation density and type, wind erosion forms, soil moisture, type and distribution of wind deposits and land use management in each of landforms. Maps of geology, topography, satellite images, equations of vegetation changes in relation to rainfall and IRIFR.EA model were used as tools also. By using of vegetation-rainfall equations and IRIFR.EA model, vegetation changes as a result of Gonu Cyclone extreme and rainfall events of April 2013, were estimated. Wind erosion was estimated also in the period before and after Gonu and rainfall events of April 2013. Initially the impacts of changes in vegetation status on wind erosion were calculated and then the new wind erosion conditions were estimated by using of vegetation-rainfall equations and IRIFR.EA model. The results indicate that although exceptional rainfall events grossly reduced wind erosion, but these changes are not so great that cause a change in wind erosion function. So in terms of wind erosion processes, these are not catastrophic events.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
30
4
2016
3
1
Investigation of meandering pattern Germi Chay River in Azarbayjan Sharghi province by geomorphology and Fractal methods
64
79
FA
Sayyad
Asghari Saraskanroud
Department Of Natural Geography,Mohaghegh Ardebili University,Ardabil,Iran
Batool
Zeinali
Department Of Natural Geography,Mohaghegh Ardebili University,Ardabil,Iran
The Path of meandering rivers is indicator Morphological characteristics this rivers. This path is not straight and has major bends with different geometric characteristics, and sometimes the same. In recent years, Fractal geometry used to explain the route that has dimensions 1-2. The aim of this study is investigation of meandering pattern the Germi Chay River by geomorphology methods and Fractal analysis. For this purpose, Germi Chay River divided tow intervals. Then geometry pattern of this river determined by Central Angel and Sinuosity Ratio indexes in each intervals. In next stage, Fractal dimension determined using Fractal geometry for intervals. Results indicated Germi Chay River is a meandering river and there is a direct relation between Fractal dimension and parameters of Central Angel and Sinuosity Ratio in this river. Therefore Fractal dimension such other methods of river pattern identifying can be entered in morphology models of meandering rivers.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
30
4
2016
3
1
Ghanat as an implication of merit and knowledge of Iranian with regard to sustainable development (The Case of Study: Sarvenov, Kermanshah Township)
80
100
FA
Lida
Sharafi
Department Of Agricultural Development ,Razi University,Kermanshah,Iran
Farahnaz
Rostami
Department Of Agricultural Development ,Razi University,Kermanshah,Iran
Zia
Shah-Karami Rigi
Department Of Rural Development,Razi University,Kermanshah,Iran
Parastoo
Ghobadi
Department Of Rural Development,Razi University,Kermanshah,Iran
Ganat as a techniqal and cultural implication of Iranian is a irrigation method in arid and semi-arid areas. Since Iran located in dry area, experienced frequent droughts in recent years. Therefore this technique adapts with natural and socio-culture conditions; and in other hand it is as indegenus knowledge in Iran. It shoud thus be conciderd. The purpose of this quantitative study was confirmatory factor analysis of Ghanat sustainability assessment model in Sarvenov rural in Kermanshah township. The statistical population was people in Sarvenov rural (N=551). A sample of 226 individual was selected using stratified sampling techniques. Data analysis was conducted using LISREL 8.8. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that “economical value; participation of rural; beliefs and values; morphological characteristic; and people need to water” were appropriate for assessing of Ghanat sustainability in Sarvenov rural. The results of this study could have implications for environmental administrators to aware of factors of Ghanat sustainability and consider to strengthening them.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
30
4
2016
3
1
Estimation of Maximum Air Temperature with Climatological and Statistical Approach
101
115
FA
Laleh
Parviz
Department Of Agriculture,Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University,Tabriz,Iran
In recent years, climate change is an effective factor that has important effects on the drought extension, changes in cropping patterns and negative environmental impacts. In this regard, estimation of maximum air temperature has more importance in climatological, agricultural studies and water resources management, therefore the selection of a comprehensive approach is necessary for air temperature estimation. One of the options is to use statistical (regression) methods, which two factors affect the efficiency of method: effective variables of method and type of statistical method. In this research, effective variables of method were investigated from climatological aspect and study of second factor was based on comparison of classical and fuzzy regression methods using data of some meteorological station of Iran. In different climates, the effects of meteorological variables on the maximum air temperature are not the same and based on coefficient of determination, meteorological variables of arid and semiarid regions have more similarities. Mean air temperature has the maximum coefficient of determination in all climates. In case of the method type, Banar Anzali – Ramsar and the other stations have better performance using non-symmetric and symmetric fuzzy regression, respectively. Based on criteria such as RMSE, fuzzy regression in comparison to the classical regression has more efficiency.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
30
4
2016
3
1
Positioning the Tourism Complex Multicriterion Determin Method for Tuesday Olse Belanga City Masal
116
130
FA
Parisa
Hamian
Yazd Research Systems
Syed Ali
Al-Modarresi
Islamic Azad University of Yazd
Meysam
Effati
Tehran University
Hamideh
Kavusi
Yazd Research Systems
Ali
Rashidi
Yazd Research Systems
Tourism industry as the largest and most diverse industries in the world is. The dynamic source of many countries as the main source of income, employment, private sector growth and development of infrastructure acute know. Tourism industry today, so in economic development, social impact, which economists called it Rasnt and tourism projects require precise functionality and tight Nshasayy Naha on the main study area is the area of ecological and natural talent as accepts.To locate the desired area on the parameters involved in the decision of the spatial data requirements and capabilities of geographic information systems used for data analysis. Given the importance of the environment as a form of arthritis most important issues on the tourism department decided to review the best place to build an integrated tourism area with respect to all parameters involved in this area index first Tuesday city olseBelnaga city masan pay.This city located in the northward the city of Gilan province in north Rezvanshahr and to the West and Southwest to the city khalkhal, and from the East to the city Some'esara,and south to the city Fouman. the city is limited in nature and is mountainous. In this study, using data such as topography of the area - away from the village – distance from river-access to existing roads - Map Slope area - vegetation - a range of sources - and the lack of access to natural attractions from forested areas! AHD model to deal with the boundaries of different models through the integration of information and maps to identify the best location to build this complex.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
30
4
2016
3
1
The reconstruction of permanent snow line elevation Quaternary in Alvand's Hamedan (By three methods of Wright, Slop- direction and Curvature coefficient)
131
149
FA
Gholam Hassan
Jafari
Department of Geomorphology,university of Zanjan, Zanjan,Iran
Mahdy
fizolahpor
Department of Geomorphology,university of Zanjan, Zanjan,Iran
Zeynab
Barati
Department Of Hydro Geomorphology ,university of Zanjan,Zanjan,Iran
Exist of Glacial cirque in northeast and southwest of Alvand Mountain and the presence of moraine an expressive glacial process in the Quaternary Period. Therefore the height of the permanent snow line on the slopes of this mountain mass was evaluated in this study. The estimated height of the snow line to the right, above the permanent snow line estimated in northeastern slopes (slopes towards the southwest) by the way, shows the persistence of snow and glaciers formed in these parts. Furthermore, a comparison between this method and the method of gradient and curvature coefficient was used. Although the difference in the gradient direction toward the snowline but it also seems reasonable (530 meters), according to field evidence seemed unlikely. Because of the curvature coefficient curves presented in this study are the first to estimate the height of the snow line is used. Coefficient of curvature of the curve with the distance from the dominant peaks in the foothills of the basin, the trend has been downward and then upward. The process of changing the curvature coefficient perigee height as the height of the graph is known. Due to the proximity of the height to the height of the snow line altitude was estimated as the previous method, it was concluded that the perigee height, curvature coefficient Quaternary basin can be considered as the height of the snow line. Three methods of estimating the height of the snow line, and difference in the amount of quaternary cold different domains suggests that Significant differences in the slopes of the mountain front elevation Synuzyth can estimate the height of the snow line and the error effectively.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
30
4
2016
3
1
Indigenous knowledge application of geomorphological effects (river mudding) and its role in maintaining water and soil
150
167
FA
Liela
Montaseri
Department Of Geomorphology,Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar,Iran
Mohammad Ali
Zangeneh Asadi
Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar,Iran
Abolghasem
Amir Ahmadi
Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar,Iran
Lack of water have been always one of the most obstacles in process of agricultural development in arid and low rainfall climates. During time, farmers have devised and developed numerous methods in the form of their indigenous knowledge to deal with lack of water and outcomes resulting from that. Nowadays, in the management of water resources of rural, to cope effectively with lack of water, it is necessary to seriously be considered indigenous knowledge. Conflation of indigenous knowledge of each region with new knowledge can be considered as the best option in operation of water and soil resources. In this research, we introduce and review one of the Indigenous methods maintaining water and soil in east country called "river mudding" and direct application of geomorphological effects marly hills in the kalateh-Sadat village of Davarzan city from Razavi Khorasan province. In this study, using library studies, preparation of area digital models by Arc GIS, field work and water and sediment sampling, interview with local farmers, the physicochemical experiments and statistical analysis in SPSS, is examined the positive or negative effects this method and the role of geomorphological effects in maintaining of water and soil. Results of this study show that this method is the best economic-indigenous method for maintaining moisture and restoration of soil texture lands agricultural and is water transfer agent of the permeable lands alluvial fan to agricultural lands downstream. Considering the statistical reasons and reviewing of other research in this regard, river mudding not only do not be cause incidence of significant changes in water quality of river and weakening the quality of agricultural region water, but also caused be change of texture and soil compositions, fertility of agricultural lands and As well as reduce losses due to evaporation and infiltration into the aquifer low quality.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
30
4
2016
3
1
Peoples Attitude Toward Urban Tourism Development Evidences From Zones 7 and 10 of Tabriz
168
185
FA
Abolfazl
Ghanbri
Deptartment Of Geography ,University of Tabriz,tabriz,Iran
Bahman
Shojaeivand
Deptartment Of Geography and Tourism Planning ,University Of Tabriz,tabriz,Iran
The purpose of this paper is studying the people's attitude toward tourism development in regions 7 and 10 of Tabriz and comparison of attitudes toward participation and tourism development between the two communities in order to identify any similarities and differences. This paper is descriptive – analytical and data collection was performed through questionnaires and library studies. Factor Analysis and tests, such as Kendall, Gamma and Somers correlation coefficient, in SPSS19 Software for data analysis is used and Cronbach's alpha to determine the reliability of the data, with 0.806 estimated amount. The results shows that peoples attitude toward participation and tourism development from economic view in two studying regions were positive and the lonely difference is, people who have been studied in region 7, have more positive attitude towards the conditions after the tourism development. but in both studying regions people are desperate and doubtful toward social and environmental qualification.