Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
Application of Geomorphology in the Exploration of Oil Resources in Bankol and Danehkhoshk Anticlines
1
14
FA
Shahram
Bahrami
Hakim Sabzevari University, Iran
, Afrooz
Behrojeh
Hakim Sabzevari University, Iran
Morphometric characteristics of anticlines can play an important role in the exploration of oil resources. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of geomorphology on the exploration of oil resources in oil-rich Bankol and oil-less Danehkhoshk anticlines by means of Geomorphological indices. To achieve the purpose of this study، topographic maps at a scale of 1:50000 and Geologic maps of the study area at scales of 1:250000 and 1/1000000 were digitized in ILWIS software and then geologic and topographic data were obtained. Morphometric of anticlines were extracted based on Quick bird Satellite images as well as field works. In this research، some geomorphological indices such as Aspect Ratio(AR)، Fold Symmetry index (FSI)، Fold front sinuosity (FFS)، Drainage Density( ) drainage pattern and triangular facets were used for differentiating tectonically active and inactive anticlines. Danehkhoshk oil-free anticline، with rectangle drainage pattern، higher rate of Aspect Ratio، Fold front sinuosity، Drainage Density and lower rate of Fold Symmetry index as well as with large triangular facets، is tectonically more active than Bankol anticline. This study represents that the lack of oil in Danehkhoshk can be explained by development of Neutral-Surface Folding mechanism. Development and compression of Danehkhoshk anticline has resulted in the downward movement of neutral surface and thereby progress and connection of extensional to compressional fractures، and then has allowed migration and escapement of oil recourses to the surface. Results of this study reveal that mentioned morphometric parameters are appropriate indexes for distinguishing oil bearing and oil less anticlines. Overall، it can be concluded that oil- less anticlines have tight and eroded morphology whereas oil bearing anticlines are younger، wider and less eroded.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
Spatial Analysis and Prioritization of Cities of West Azerbaijan for Information and Communication Technology Development and Digital Divide Reduction
15
38
FA
Asghar
Zarrabi
University of Isfahan, Iran
Jabbar
Alizadeh
University of Isfahan, Iran
Alireza
Rahimi
Rasool
Babanasab
University of Isfahan, Iran
Overcoming spatial and temporal limitation، information and communication technology is today considered as the axis and key to sustained development and as the most important criterion for development which has reshaped the world and life patterns and it is، in fact، considered both the cause and the effect of development. Identifying and proper using of new opportunities for sustained development and advancement of economic، social، and political goals and shaping the future provided by this paradigm which is dominating development as the strongest instrument of empowerment and equalization requires knowledge about this revolutionary trend for a slight negligence will let opportunities in others’ hands. In this regard، removing digital Divide between areas and assuring of the general and equal access of geographical units to ICT services for their uniform and equal development in the long run and establishment of spatial and geographical equality should be taken into consideration as one of the most important planning priorities for ICT development. To this end، using TOPSIS model and statistical tests، development level of the cities of West Azerbaijan in terms of information and communication technology indices in 1387 are evaluated، ranked and graded and the digital Divide between them is estimated. Results indicate that cities of West Azerbaijan are far from being developed in terms of ICT indices and there are inequalities، or in other words، “digital Divides” among these cities with the city of Orumyieh standing on the top of ICT development ranking being two and half times more developed than the city of Chaldoran which is on the bottom of ranking. In addition، ICT development of the cities of West Azerbaijan is directly related to their populations، especially their urban populations. In order to bridge or at least reduce the digital Divide and creating a balance in long-term development، cities of West Azerbaijan are prioritized in terms of ICT development and suggestions have been offered to improve the present conditions of information and communication technology throughout the province.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
Recognition and Analysis of Agro Climatic Indices Changes in Iran
39
50
FA
Seyed Abolfazl
Masoodian
University of Isfahan, Iran
Mohammad
Darand
University of kordestan, Iran
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
Investigation and Analysis of the Effective Factors on the Spread of Apartment in Khoramabad with Use of AHP& TOPSIS Technics
51
72
FA
Mohammad Hossein
Saraei
Maryam
Beyranvand zade
azad university in khorram abad
Ebrahim
Rostam Goorani
At recent year improvement towns of country are considered for reason much accumulation، increase price of field، decrease dimension family and security cheap dwelling، natural structure Khorramabad، economical changes accompanied by natural improvement population and change family from spread to nuclear increased necessity to dwelling and finally consider to vertical improvement. The method this writing is analyzing and quantitative in the three stages of library studies، field research، and finally data analysis by using AHP and TOPSIS models have been developed. Result show that at between effective factors at construction apartment units at Khorram abad، environmental factor is the most effective. Khoramabad has different topography and at town we see low and ups and geographical factors. Important limitations of physical improvement at this town are rocks height present hills. At east bound of this town and at Shariati street existence height cliff and these has sharp grade. At east south rock topography Ghaziabad are seen. Northern Khoramabad has limitation at Khorram abad –Aleshtar at this area agricultural fields of villages are outspread at west area existence agricultural field and encounter with heights. At inside town and at west area، heights are most important limitation at physical improvement and at this area، residents spread on hills and heights. At west southern cemetery is other physical improvement limitation and gardens are spread. In the final classification using hybrid models can be achieved this result، natural and social factors - the economy and the parallel combination of the spread of urbanization have been effective in Khoramabad.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
Classification of Conditional Probability of Precipitation Providing to Temperature Conditions in Iran
73
86
FA
Hossein
Asakereh
Zanjan University
Fatemeh
Tarkarani
University of Isfahan, Iran
Saeedeh
Ashrafi
Zanjan University
The stochastic outcomes and phenomenon of climate are the reason to use probability sciences in climatology. Interactions of most of climatic phenomenon as well as justify them are very acceptable based on probability technique. Accordingly it is useful in environmental management and planning. A conditional probability is the probability of an event given that another event has occurred; e.g. let A and B be two events the probability of B given that A has occurred is Conditional Probability of A providing to B has occurred. In this paper conditional probability of precipitation providing to temperature in Iran has been studied. Accordingly the daily precipitation and precipitation of Esfezary data base are used. At last based on Euclidean Distance and Ward methods، the cluster analyses have been applied. The accomplishment result shows three class of conditional probability; North، Central and southern. Due to characters of conditional probability every class has been divided in to subclasses. Every classes and subclasses shows the mechanism domain on
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
Climatological Capability of Saffron Cultivation in Kermanshah and Kurdistan Provinces
87
102
FA
Firouz
Mojarrad
Mohammad
Ghafourizadeh
Razi university of Kermanshah
One of the most famous horticultural exporting products of Iran is Saffron. At present، the main region for the production of saffron is the northeast region of Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi and Southern Khorasan provinces). The present research intends to survey the suitable areas for cultivation of saffron in the west of Iran (Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces) which، in the climatic conditions، is very similar to the east of country. On this basis، the climatic data effecting saffron growth، including precipitation، temperature، relative humidity، sunshine hours and number of frost days، have been gathered for 11 stations during 3 growth phases (generative phase، vegetative phase and dormancy phase) and compared with a new base table to determine the suitability of climatic conditions for planting of the product in each growth phase for each variable. Then according to the rate-weighting method، the importance degree or weight of each climatic variable in every growth phase was determined. In the next step، saffron planting appropriateness maps were prepared in the raster method using GIS، considering importance degree or weight of each variable in each phase. Then، through adding the pixel values in the three growth phases، the appropriateness map for each variable was identified (totally 11 maps)، and via averaging the pixel values in these 11 maps the compiled map of appropriateness of variables was determined as well. Finally the last appropriateness map for saffron cultivation was prepared taking into account the appropriate slope and elevation domains in the recent map. The results showed that around 30.48 percent of the region area (16500 km2)، which covers mostly Kermanshah’s western، Ravansar’s southern and Qorveh’s plains، has a fair potentiality for saffron cultivation. The remainder area of the region including 37600 km2 (69.48 percent of the region area) has no potentiality for cultivating of this product
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
Investigation and Analysis of the Satisfaction Rate of the Citizens of the City Council of the Municipality and the Yield
103
122
FA
Shahram
Mahdavi
Golestan university
Ali Akbar
Najafi Kaani
Golestan university
Samaneh
Mosayebi
University of Isfahan, Iran
The present article aims at analyzing and evaluation of citizens '' satisfaction of the performance of urban management is a municipality and city in the Council on the basis of the findings of a field study in Kashan is prepared of organizations citizens satisfaction in three dimensions of urban management، i.e. economic، physical dimension – social and cultural environment – the analysis of the case. The study according to the purpose of the type of applications that use the research methods of analytical and descriptive-type which is fitted to the data collection required for the field survey has been used. The data collection tool lift in this study field interview and questionnaire can be made that the validity of the formal type and its reliability using cronbach''s alpha is achieved in 85% of the research of the Humanities is this a satisfying amount of regard. The community was in this study is the inhabitants of the city of Kashan، the sample size formula and its relationship with Cochran have selected n-260. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using the forklift is carried out when the results of tests، test results showed a high satisfaction of the citizens of the municipality in the cultural and physical performance، and also in the middle of the economic satisfaction of. Also، in order to study the differences in the level of citizens '' satisfaction region one and two of these organizations yield yeoman Whitney test has been used except in a couple of significant differences between the two regions، there is no satisfaction. Regression tests for evaluation of the relationship between socio-economic performance of the satisfaction of citizens and municipality and City Council have been used which results indicates the differences between the educational level and the level of satisfaction، as well as the existence of the relationship between age and income variables and these organizations yield satisfaction may be fitted.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
A Survey of Correlation between Precipitation Change in Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea and Variability of Sea Level Pressure
123
134
FA
Amir Hossein
Halabian
Payame Noor University
Mehran
Shabankari
Farhangiyan university of Ahvaz
In this research، the correlation between precipitation change in Southern coasts of Caspian Sea and variability of sea level pressure have been analyzed by using environmental to circulation approach at time period 1339- 1383. In this respect، we make use of daily precipitation data of the 12 synoptic stations of studied area at surface data base section and prepare the time series matrix of precipitation days. About atmospheric data base، we made use of sea level pressure(slp) data which are available on data base NCEP/NCAR at 0° to 120° E and 0° to 80° N. Then، we prepared primary matrix including the daily precipitation values of every station and average values of sea level daily pressure which is consistent with time series of precipitation days for grid cell (49×33= 1617) at selected area. The calculation of correlation coefficient between daily precipitation values with average values of sea level pressure over studied area cells and drawing the plots for correlation coefficient of precipitation- pressure of stations indicated that precipitation change and occurrence at southern coasts of Caspian Sea in sea level affected by predominance the Caspian، Black Sea and Mediterranean pressure circulation pattern. Hence، precipitation change in Southern coasts of Caspian Sea related to decrease and increase of pressure rate in action field of this pattern
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
Thermal Regions of Iran
135
144
FA
Majid
Montazeri
University of Isfahan, Iran
Spatial distribution of thermal regions is dependent on local factors and circulation patterns in long terms. Recognition of spatial distribution of temperature in geographical regions could be help on planning and environmental policies. The aim of this paper is recognition and detachment of thermal regions in Iran. For this object، maximum daily temperature data have been provided using 620 synoptic and climatology stations. Maximum temperature converted for any station، base on solar calendar، and maps of maximum daily temperature have been interpolated using kriging method. Spatial resolution of these maps is 15×15 km. So 7187 pixels cover the country and temporal and spatial behavior of maximum temperature could be represented by a 7187×366 matrix. For diagnostic thermal regions in Iran، an agglomerative Hierarchical cluster analysis with ward''s linkage applied on this matrix and five different thermal regions which consist: high mountainous، mountainous and Caspian''s coasts، central plane، south eastern plane، southern coasts. In creating thermal regions topography spatial configuration and latitude have been involved. Recognition of thermal regions is important for energy consumption and tourism timing management.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
Analysis of Introversion in the Cities of Islamic Territories
145
158
FA
Ashrafsadat
Bagheri
Islamic societies have a deep sense of personal privacy and solitude، which is reflected in their traditional architecture، So that the houses، within the inner face are So that the houses، within the inner face are Latency the hijab and Muslim homes، the division of space within and outside the cities is one of the most attractive features of Islamic Cities Introverts of the city''s architecture is one of the indicators Introverts yard is one of the constituent elements Islamic cities، the urban structure as a collection of houses that are built around courtyards . The removal of architectural courtyard houses have been caused directly outside and inside the house .The role and function in the yard، reducing fatigue، tenderness of spirit، relieve fears of missing man. This is due to the neglect of human nature and its surroundings and the sanctity of the home has undergone psychological insecurity، lack of comfort and relaxation Different pattern of urbanization in the industrial revolution in terms of housing and housing has. The modernity of the past cut date and time is synchronized with the Developments of the modern changes in lifestyle and living pattern is characteristic of quality homes. As the Iranian Muslim household، regardless of religious beliefs has embraced the open kitchen Within and outside the home، there is another Housing pattern has lost its function of gender Housing patterns، religious values are rarely given. In this paper، based on descriptive and analytical approaches، theories and views of the courtyard and Introverts، the course of history، meaning، causes and factors are reviewed and analyzed .Using descriptive methods and tools to gather information، study، library records and documents be reviewed. The results show Cultural and religious beliefs and factors associated with climate and environmental factors in the creation of architectural and urban fabric has been In other words، climate، local materials، traditional forms، is a way of life and Islamic values and social determinants.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
An Estimation and Spato-temporal Analysis of Climatic Comfort Conditions in Kurdistan Province
159
176
FA
Bakhtyar
Mohammadi
kordestan university
The knowledge about climatic comfort plays an important role in the Humans life and her activities. In fact many human activates are directly related with climatic comfort in every region. This paper analyzed the climatic comfort in province Kurdistan (Sanandaj، Saghez، Bijar، Ghorve، Zarine، Marivan and Bane meteorological Stations). Rates of climatic comfort analyzed in meteorological Stations using daily data climatic parameters and Standard Effective Temperature (SET) and also Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) indexes. The results showed that according to SET index، Marivan، Sanandaj، Bane، Bijar، Ghorve، Saghez and Zarine stations has been highest climatic comfort sequentially. An according to PET index also، Marivan، Ghorve، Bane، Sanandaj، Bijar، Zarine and Saghez stations has been highest climatic comfort sequentially. Other results said that most of meteorological Stations have highest climatic comfort in during November، October and May. In spite Zarine station have a highest climatic comfort during summer season (especially in July and August). Thus، it seems that temporal distributions of climatic comfort in Kurdistan meteorological Stations are different.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
An Analysis of the Rural Community Evaluation of Village Administrations' performance Using Structural Equation Modeling
177
196
FA
Abbas
Amini
univercity of esfahan
Davood
Jamini
univercity of esfahan
The present study attempts to analyze the evaluation of the central district of Ravansar township rural community from the performance of village administrations (Dehyari) by using of structural equation modeling (SEM). In order to collect needed data، a questionnaire was designed and completed via interviewing the sample population. The observed variables for economical، socio-cultural، services and managerial components of the performance evaluation were obtained by thematic categorization and processing of the questionnaire contents. Primary description of variables showed the lower average of all of the variables from the mid-point of the scale (3)، which indicates the weakness of the village administrations from the rural communities’ point of view. Four sub-scales were then prepared and validated for the components of the performance evaluation by using the first order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) measurement models in Amos Graphics. The impacts of the observed variables and respective sub-scales on the evaluation of village administrations، as the main latent dependent variable، was consequently analyzed by using and validating of a second order CFA structural model. By eliminating the measurements errors in SEM approach، the results of total effects of path coefficients revealed the impressibility precedence of rural communities’ evaluation from the services، managerial، socio-cultural and economical sub-scales respectively. This result is something different from the raw data description. Internal validity of sub-scales compared with the final results indicates that indirect effects of observed variables on the latent variable are more due to their role and nature than the validity of measurement models.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
Neotectonic Investigation of Kakli- Raz Area Located at Northern Khorasan Using Morphometric Indices
197
210
FA
Maryam
Ezati
Golestan university
Maryam
Agh-Atabai
Golestan university
Study area is located in the central kopehdagh north of Bojnurd and Shirvan cities، between Kakli and Raz villages. Aim of this research is separating high activity area from low activity. In this study، In order to evaluate rate of tectonic activity، stream length-gradient index (SL)، ratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf)، transverse topographic system (T)، hypsometric integral (Hi) were calculated. Faults and fractures of the study area are extracted from VNIR band of Aster image، Morphometric indices computed using GIS and Global mapper. The highest value of stream length-gradient index (SL) is related to the north domains. Increasing of SL index at the north domains is associated with faults and fractures that cut the steam. Ratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf) shows that the highest uplift is related the north domains and existing V shape Valleys at this area confirm this matter. Calculating T index at this research shows that stream''s that are parallel to the folds tilted to the South. Highest value of hypsometric integral index is associated with north basin (Shirin rood). Result of this research show that highest amount of tectonic activity is about the North side of study area، and North side of central kopehdagh is more active than South side.
Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute
Geographical Researches
1019-7052
29
2
2014
9
1
Quantity Evaluation of Neotectonic with Emphasis on Geomorphic Evidence in Rijab Area
211
224
FA
Zahra
Rahimzadeh
farhangiyan university of kermanshah
Mahmood
Alaei Taleghani
Razi university of Kermanshah
Ali
RezaPoor
The Rijab area with189 square kilometers is located in northwest of Zagros and north of Sarpol zahab city. Its main skeleton is made of hard and resistive layers of Shahbazan dolomite and Asmari lime، that its eastern part is pressed as an anticlinorium form but its western part as a syncline form. As a result of Kerend fault Practice most of the tectonically activities are seen in middle parts that its consequence is the displacement of the lime –dolomite layers in the syncline area from the northeast and slanting to the southwest side and breaking occurrence in southwestern belt peak of syncline the bend process has caused breaks that result in turning displacement of broken pieces. This event causes the formation of a series of longitudinal and latitudinal faults، which cut the Rijab syncline lime –dolomite formation in different directions. To determine the neotectonic activities two comparative and interpretive methods have been used in this research، and with the use of ARC GIS software topography maps comparison and interpretation، hydrographic break and aerial images of the area were done by geomorphology forms maps، than it was analyzed by SPSS software. For quantity evaluation of neotectonically activities the following scales have been used: the of non-synchronic drainage area (AF)، the ratio width of valley bed to its height (VF)، the sinus scale of mountain (SMF)، the reversed synchronic topography scale (T)، and classification scale (LAT)، the river longitudinal slope(SL). Then it has continued by studying the role of breaks، clefts، and gaps in formation and developing pattern of floodways by using Golesorkhi chart. Based on the obtaining results the eastern part of the area that it builds on anticlinorium form is tectonically semi – active، western part active and middle part that has syncline structure is very active.