Persian
Language
Geographical Research is Published in Persian Fulltext.
Volume 34, Issue 3 (2019)
GeoRes 2019, 34(3): 445-454 |
Back to browse issues page
Article Type:
Subject:
History
Received: 2019/04/12 | Accepted: 2019/09/2 | Published: 2019/09/7
Received: 2019/04/12 | Accepted: 2019/09/2 | Published: 2019/09/7
How to cite this article
Moradi A, Daneshpour A H, Daneshvar M, bahmanpour H. Determine the Carrying Capacity of the Tourism and Recreational Range of Natural Areas of Mashhad Metropolis along the Urban and Sustainable Urban Planning. GeoRes 2019; 34 (3) :445-454
URL: http://georesearch.ir/article-1-725-en.html
URL: http://georesearch.ir/article-1-725-en.html
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rights and permissions
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
1- Department of Urbanism, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2- Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Science and Technology University, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Shahroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahroud, Iran
2- Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Science and Technology University, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Shahroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahroud, Iran
Abstract (3502 Views)
Aims & Backgrounds: Today, the concept of capacity utilizing the maximum number of users who use a natural or recreational area at a given time without changing disturbance in the environment is widely used in urban management and planning. The purpose of this study is to determine the recreational range and tourism capacity in Mashhad area.
Methodology: The research is of a practical nature and data is collected through library and field studies. Initially, 7475 hectares of the area were selected as useful and usable areas for users through the registration of ground points and the preparation of a land use map using the GIS tool. In the next step, through computational formulas, three types of physical, actual and effective physical capacity were estimated. Five limiting factors were used as coefficients in calculating the actual carrying capacity of the study site and to calculate the effective carrying capacity, managerial parameters were used. researcher-made questionnaire (Likert spectrum) was also provided to users with a record (384 people) in order to score the site management capability parameters.
Findings: Among the managerial factors, the highest points belonged to grocery stores (4.8) and the lowest points belonged to the regional relief system (1.2). Finally, the carrying capacity of physical, actual, and effective related to the study area was estimated to be 89700000, 1829880, and 969836, person per day respectively which shows a physical carrying capacity was much more than actual carrying capacity.
Conclusion: In general, the area accepts a significant number of users for recreational and sports activities. On the other hand, the area has considerable spaces suitable for the design and deployment of sports and leisure facilities. However, environmental and safety priorities must also be taken into account.
Methodology: The research is of a practical nature and data is collected through library and field studies. Initially, 7475 hectares of the area were selected as useful and usable areas for users through the registration of ground points and the preparation of a land use map using the GIS tool. In the next step, through computational formulas, three types of physical, actual and effective physical capacity were estimated. Five limiting factors were used as coefficients in calculating the actual carrying capacity of the study site and to calculate the effective carrying capacity, managerial parameters were used. researcher-made questionnaire (Likert spectrum) was also provided to users with a record (384 people) in order to score the site management capability parameters.
Findings: Among the managerial factors, the highest points belonged to grocery stores (4.8) and the lowest points belonged to the regional relief system (1.2). Finally, the carrying capacity of physical, actual, and effective related to the study area was estimated to be 89700000, 1829880, and 969836, person per day respectively which shows a physical carrying capacity was much more than actual carrying capacity.
Conclusion: In general, the area accepts a significant number of users for recreational and sports activities. On the other hand, the area has considerable spaces suitable for the design and deployment of sports and leisure facilities. However, environmental and safety priorities must also be taken into account.
References
1. Albert C, Galler C, Hermes J, Neuendorf F, Christine F, Geneletti D, et al (2016). Applying ecosystem services indicators in landscape planning and management: The ES-in-planning framework. Ecological Indicators. 61(1):100-113. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.029]
2. Altinay M (2005). Sustainable tourism development: A case study of north cyprus. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 17(3):272-280. [DOI:10.1108/09596110510591963]
3. Ashnayi T, Daneshpour SA, Sarrafi M (2015). Consequence of spatial growth guidance and control policies on the trend of suburban settlements expansion in Tehran metropolitan area. Urban Management. 37(13):213-229. [Persian]
4. Bonakdar A, Gharayi F (2011). Changing paradigms in urban design principles, from physical, Social, and perceptual components to Mechanism approach. Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning. 3(6):51-70. [Persian]
5. Borowy I (2014). Defining sustainable development for our common future. a history of the world commission on environment and development (Brundtland Commission). Milton Park: Routledge. [DOI:10.4324/9780203383797] [PMCID]
6. Brown LR (2011). World on the edge. New York: Norton.
7. Busby PJ, Wainwright TC, Bryant GJ, Lierheimer LJ, Waples RS, Waknitz, FW, et al (1996). Status review of west coast steelhead from Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California. Seattle, WA: NOAA Technical Memorandum, National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications
8. Coccossis H, Mexa A, editors (2004). The challenge of tourism carrying capacity assessment: Theory and practice (New Directions in Tourism Analysis). London: Routledge.
9. Cook S, Esuna D (2014). Rethinking social development for a post-2015 world. Development. 57(1):30-35. [DOI:10.1057/dev.2014.25]
10. Duarte P, Meneses R, Hawkins AJS, Zue M, Fang J, Grant J (2003). Mathematical modeling to assess the carrying capacity for multi species culture within coastal water. Ecological Modeling. 168(1-2):109-143. [DOI:10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00205-9]
11. Farhoudi R, Shourjeh M (2004). Estimated tourism capacity of Anahita temple in Kangavar City. Journal of Tourism Management Studies. 7(2):19-43. [Persian]
12. Hosseinzade E, Erfanian A (2015). Determine coastal coast board capacity for Kish island. Geography and Urban Regional Planning. 16(5):181-200. [Persian]
13. James P, Magee L, Scerri A, Steger MB (2015). Urban sustainability in theory and practice: Circles of sustainability. London: Routledge. [DOI:10.4324/9781315765747]
14. Karageorois AP, Kapsimalis V, Kontogianni A, Skourtos M, Turner K R, Salomons W (2006). Impact of 100-year human interventions on the deltaic coastal zone of the inner Thermaikos Gulf (Greece): A DPSIR framework analysis. Environmental Management. 38(2):304-315. [DOI:10.1007/s00267-004-0290-8] [PMID]
15. Lawson SR (2003). Proactive monitoring and adaptive management of social carrying capacity in Arches National Park: An application of computer simulation modeling. Journal of Environmental Management. 68(3):305-313. [DOI:10.1016/S0301-4797(03)00094-X]
16. Lanham K (2007). Planning as Place making: Tensions of Scale, Culture and Identity [dissertation]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University School of Public and International Affairs College of Architecture and Urban Studies.
17. Martire S, Castellani V, Sala S (2015). Carrying capacity assessment of forest resources: Enhancing environmental sustainability in energy production at local scale. [DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.11.002]
18. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 94:11-20.
19. Mashayekhan A, Mohamadi Calichi M, Rassam G, Hoseini V (2014). Recreation carrying capacity estimate to support forest park management case study: Telar forest park, Ghaemshahr, Iran. World Applied Sciences. 29(3):421-425.
20. McCool SF, Lime DW (2001). Tourism carrying capacity: Tempting fantasy or useful reality?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 9(5):372-388. [DOI:10.1080/09669580108667409]
21. Meadows DH, Meadows DL, Randers J (1992). Beyond the limits: Confronting global Collapse, envisioning a sustainable future. Chelsea Green.
22. Meshkini A, Heydari T, Nemati T (2013). Quantitative estimation of Zanjanrood tourism tunnel capacity. Geography and Environmental Planning. 24(3):75-92. [Persian]
23. Northern Territory Government (2016). Our plan for a balanced environment. Darwin: Northern Territory Government. Available From: https://nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/363775/balanced-environment-executive-summary.pdf
24. Nahrli D, Rezaie S (2002). Investigating and introducing the capacity of the recreational bird. Environment. 28(29):102-112. [Persian]
25. Nghi T, Thanh I, Nguyen DT, Mai D, Thanh DX (2007). Tourism carrying capacity assessment for Phong Nha-ke Bang and Dong Hoi, Quang Binh Province. VNU Journal of Earth Sciences. 23:80-87.
26. National Statistics Portal [Internet]. Statistical Center of Iran. [Published 2015, 12 February
27. Cited 2019, 8 May]. Available From: www.amar.org
28. Nilsson M, Wiklund H, Finnveden G, Jonsson DK, Lundberg K, Tyskeng S, et al (2009). Analytical framework and tool kit for SEA follow-up. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 29(3):186-199. [DOI:10.1016/j.eiar.2008.09.002]
29. Sanaye Golduz S, Makhdum M (2009). Estimating the capacity of social-mental tourism in sacred and powerful places case study: Takht Soleyman Iran. Journal of Environmental Studies. 35(50):37-44. [Persian]
30. Santos Lobo HA (2013). Establishing the social tourism carrying capacity for the tourist resorts of the east coast of the republic of Cyprus. Tourist Management. 21(2):147-156. [DOI:10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00044-8]
31. Sayan MS, Atik M (2011). Recreation carrying capacity estimates for protected areas: A study of Termesson National Park. Ekoloji. 20(78):66-74. [DOI:10.5053/ekoloji.2011.7811]
32. Sheykh A, Jafari A, Yarali N, Setoodeh A (2012). Estimating recreational carrying capacity of gheisary protected area in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province. Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology. 2(5):87-96. [Persian]
33. Sianipar CPM, Dowaki K, Yudoko G, Adhiutama A (2013). Seven pillars of survivability: Appropriate technology with a human face. European Journal of Sustainable Development. 2(4):1-18.
34. Tabibian M, Sotoodeh A, Shayesteh K, Chalbianloo R (2007). An investigation of the concepts and methods of quantitative estimation of the capacity of a ward and the presenting of an applied example based on experience of strategic planning of tourism development Abbasabad Ganjnameh Hamedan. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA. 29:17-28. [Persian]
35. UNDP (2017). World leaders adopt sustainable development goals. United Nations Development Programme.
36. UNWTO [Internet]. Tourism, facts and figures. Madrid: United Nations World Tourism Organization [Cited 2019, 2 January]. Available From: www.unwto.org.
Send email to the article author