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دوره 34، شماره 4 - ( 1398 )                   جلد 34 شماره 4 صفحات 504-493 | برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها
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پژوهشی اصیل |
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Shahidi A, Khashei Siuki A, Jafarzadeh A. Conservation Practices of Groundwater Resources in Arid Region and Water Scarcity Adaptation; Case Study of Birjand Plain. GeoRes 2019; 34 (4) :493-504
URL: http://georesearch.ir/article-1-703-fa.html
شهیدی علی، خاشعی سیوکی عباس، جعفرزاده احمد. راهکارهای حفاظت از منابع آب زیرزمینی در مناطق خشک و سازگاری با کم‌آبی؛ مطالعه موردی دشت بیرجند. فصل‌نامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی. 1398; 34 (4) :493-504

URL: http://georesearch.ir/article-1-703-fa.html


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1- گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
چکیده   (2750 مشاهده)
اهداف و زمینه‌ها: حفاظت از منابع آب دربرگیرنده کلیه اقداماتی است که بر مصرف بهینه تأکید نموده و کاهش تنش‌ بر منابع آب را فراهم می‌نماید و نتیجه نهایی آن ذخیره منابع مالی و انرژی است. هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی پیامدهای پیاده‌سازی حفاظت از منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت بیرجند از منظر اقتصادی و مدیریت منابع آب بود.
روش‌شناسی: به‌منظور ارزیابی تغییر شرایط تخصیص از محیط نرم‌افزار WEAP استفاده شد. بهینه‌سازی الگوی کشت نیز با استفاده از الگوریتم‌ فراابتکاری PSO و در محیط برنامه‌نویسی MATLAB پیاده‌سازی شد. ظرفیت بهره‌برداری از پساب واحد تصفیه‌خانه فاضلاب شهری نیز به‌عنوان منبع آب نامتعارف مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین استفاده از سامانه‌های آبگیر باران نیز با هدف جبران آب غیرشرب مناطق مسکونی و با استفاده از آمار درازمدت بارندگی منطقه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: با تغییر شرایط تخصیص سالانه (افزایش سهم صنعت تا 8/25% و کاهش سهم کشاورزی تا 49%)، می‌توان تا سقف 10 میلیون مترمکعب در مصرف آب صرفه‌جویی نمود. براساس نتایج الگوریتم PSO، حتی با کاهش تخصیص مصارف کشاورزی، این ظرفیت وجود دارد که میزان درآمد تا 10 برابر هزینه‌های جاری افزایش یابد. پیاده‌سازی گسترده سامانه‌های آبگیر آب باران می‌تواند موجب ذخیره‌نمودن سالانه 2میلیون متر مکعب آب باران شود. استفاده مجدد از پساب تصفیه‌خانه‌ فاضلاب، سالانه 6/5 میلیون مترمکعب از کسری مخزن را کاهش می‌دهد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با پیاده‌سازی مدل‌سازی تخصیص منابع آب زیرزمینی، بهینه‌سازی الگوی کشت محصولات کشاورزی، ظرفیت استفاده از پساب تصفیه‌خانه فاضلاب شهری و بهره‌گیری از سامانه‌های جمع‌آوری آب باران، می‌توان فشار واردشده بر آب زیرزمینی را تا حد قابل توجهی کاهش داد.
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