:: Volume 33, Issue 2 (2018) ::
GeoRes 2018, 33(2): 175-190 Back to browse issues page
Importance of Using Modern Irrigation Methods in Increase of Employment and Development of Rural Areas
Kamraan Moravej *1, Mohammad-Amir Delavar1, Vahideh Najafi2
1- Department of soil science, Faculty of agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
2- Department of soil science, Faculty of agriculture,Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
Abstract:   (3952 Views)
Introduction and Background: Recent droughts have more than ever raised the use of modern irrigation methods and cultivating land having restrictions. This is especially important in rural areas.
Aims: This research was conducted for studying the effect of new irrigation methods to increase the area under cultivation with saline and alkaline soils limitation for pistachio land utilization type in part of the south of Tehran province.
Methodology: Field studies were conducted such as drilling of 10 soil profiles, 10 augers and 86 soil sampling. various thematic maps such as soil map, land classification and suitability were prepared for two irrigation method as surface (traditional) and localized (modern) using auxiliaries’ data such as satellite imagery, geological and topographic maps and weather information and laboratory analysis result from soil sampling. The soils of region were classified at typic torrifluvents sub-group and differentiated at three series and six phases. Land classification study was conducted for bubbler and furrow irrigation method. Land suitability evaluation was handled according to selected irrigation method using parametric corrected land index method for pistachio land utilization type.
Conclusion: The results showed the use of bubbler irrigation rather than one may lead to the promotion land classification classes (II S to I) or reduce limitations on a class (II STW to II W). The use of mentioned irrigation method enhances land suitability classes due to insensitivity to soil and land limitations such as topography and salinity (increased from N to S2n) or will reduce the number and severity of limitations. However, the change of irrigation method from traditional to modern needs high costs and demand greater levels of initial management, but in the long term, while increasing irrigation efficiency compensate the preliminary costs and reduce land modifying operations.
Keywords: Bubbler Irrigation, Land Classification, Saline Soils, Soil Map.
Full-Text [PDF 1469 kb]   (1358 Downloads)    
Article Type: Original Research | Subject: Rural Planning
Received: 2017/12/20 | Accepted: 2018/08/7 | Published: 2018/09/17
References
1. Ahmadi, A., & Barzgari, F. (2012). Economic study of bubbler irrigation in pistachio gardens, case study: Herat district, Yazd province, Iran. Paper presented at the Fifth National Conference on Watershed Management and Water Resources Management, Kerman. (Persian)
2. Albaji, M., Landi, A., Nasab, S. B., & Moravej, K. (2008). Land suitability evaluation for surface and drip irrigation in Shavoor Plain Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(4), 654-659. [DOI:10.3923/jas.2008.654.659]
3. Albaji, M., Nasab, S. B., Kashkoli, H. A., & Naseri, A. (2010). Comparison of different irrigation methods based on the parametric evaluation approach in the plain west of Shush, Iran. Irrigation and Drainage, 59(5), 547-558. [DOI:10.1002/ird.520]
4. Alipour, A., Hosseini, J., & Ghaffari, F. (2012). Determination of salinity resistance in pistachio pulp cultivars using controlled crosses. Plant Production Research, 19(3), 39-58. (Persian)
5. Alsaqaf, A. M. A. (2015). Determination of friction head losses in trickle (bubbler) and sprinkler irrigation systems. (Ph.D), University of Khartoum, Morocco.
6. Anonymous. (2014). World reference base for soil resources. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. Rome: FAO.
7. Askari, B., Fahimi, R., Tavakoli Poor, H., & Mokhtari, F. (2011). Evaluation of geometric properties of two Iranian pistachio varieties. Paper presented at the 20th National Congress of Food Science and Technology, Tehran. (Persian)
8. Beede, R. H., Brown, P. H., Kallsen, C., & Weinbaum, S. A. (2005). Diagnosing and correcting nutrient deficiencies. Pistachio production ,manual (Forth ed.): University of California, Davis, USA. Beyki, A., Pordel, I., Khashaei, S. A., & Dasturati, M. (2017). Study of employment status in traditional irrigation systems and modern irrigation. Paper presented at the The First National Conference on New Opportunities for Agricultural Production and Employment in the East of the Country, Birjand. (Persian)
9. Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy journal, 54(5), 464-465. [DOI:10.2134/agronj1962.00021962005400050028x]
10. Burt, R. (2004). Soil survey laboratory (methods manual). Soil Survey Investigations Report: No: 42. Version: 4.0. NRCS, USDA.
11. Darvishzadeh, A. (1991). Iran geology (First ed.). Tehran: Amir Kabir Press. (Persian)
12. Darwish, T., Atallah, T., El Moujabber, M., & Khatib, N. (2005). Salinity evolution and crop response to secondary soil salinity in two agro-climatic zones in Lebanon. Agricultural water management, 78(1-2), 152-164. [DOI:10.1016/j.agwat.2005.04.020]
13. Ebrahimi, H. (2006). Performance Evaluation of Pressure Irrigation Methods in Khorasan Province. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(3), 577-589. (Persian)
14. Eduful, M., & Shively, D. (2015). Perceptions of urban land use and degradation of water bodies in Kumasi, Ghana. Habitat International, 50, 206-213. [DOI:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.08.034]
15. El-Gindy, A., Mahmoud, A., & Mohamed, A. (2016). Influence of using different water quantities and irrigation systems on some forest trees growth parameters. Life Science Journal, 13(1), 72-82.
16. FAO. (1998). Soil Map of the World. Revised Legend. World Soil Resources Report, No: 60. Rome, Italy.
17. Farshad, A., Mohammadi, M., & Masihabadi, M. H. (2015). Application of geomorphology, remote sensing and geographic information system in soil (First ed.). Tehran: Soil and Water Research Institute. (Persian)
18. Farshi, A. A., Shariati, M. R., Jarollahi, R., Ghaemi, M. R., Shahabifar, M., & Tulaei, M. (1997). Estimation of water requirements for major agronomic and horticultural plants in Iran (Vol. 1). Karaj: Agricultural Education Publishing. (Persian)
19. Ghaemian, N., & Najari, S. (2013). Evaluation of the suitability of pistachio salmon farming in the marginal lands of Orumieh lake in Miandoab, Iran. Paper presented at the First National Conference on the Impact of Lake Urmia on the Soil and Water Resources, Tabriz. (Persian)
20. Jafarzadeh, A. A., & Abbasi, G. (2006). Qualitative land suitability evaluation for the growth of onion, potato, maize, and alfalfa on soils of the Khalat pushan research station. Biologia, 61(19), S349-S352. [DOI:10.2478/s11756-006-0187-5]
21. Jalalian, H. (2013). The analysis of the impacts of new irrigation systems on agriculture exploitation in Khodabandeh county. Space Economy and Rural Development, 1(2), 41-64. (Persian)
22. Khalifa, A. B., & Ali, M. A. (2015). Water productivity, yield and quality of foster grapefruit irrigated by bubbler and surface irrigation under Khartoum State conditions. Gezira Journal of Agricultural Science, 13(1), 34-45.
23. Khidir, S. M. (1986). A statistical approach in the use of parametric systems applied to the FAO framework for land evaluation. (Ph.D), State University of Ghent, Belgium.
24. Mahajan, S., & Tuteja, N. (2005). Cold, salinity and drought stresses: an overview. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 444(2), 139-158. [DOI:10.1016/j.abb.2005.10.018]
25. Mansour, H. A., Abdallah, E. F., Gaballah, M. S., & Gyuricza, C. (2015). Impact of bubbler discharge and irrigation water quantity on 1-hydraulic performance evaluation and maize biomass yield. International Journal of Geomate, 9(2), 1538-1544. [DOI:10.21660/2015.18.20856]
26. Moravej, K. (2017). Classification and land suitability for the development of disadvantaged regions in the framework of resistance economics (case Study: Rigan, southeast of Kerman province). Geography and Development, 15(48), 133-151. (Persian)
27. Nelson, R. E. (1982). Carbonate and gypsum. Methods of doil analysis. part II. (A. L. Page Ed.). Madison: American Society of Agronomy.
28. Ojidi, A., Esfandiarropour, B. I., & Hosseinifard, S. J. (2011). Statistical zoning of land suitability for pistachio in Hormozabad, Rafsanjan. (Master's Thesis), University of valiasr, Rafsanjan. (Persian)
29. Onder, S., Caliskan, M. E., Onder, D., & Caliskan, S. (2005). Different irrigation methods and water stress effects on potato yield and yield components. Agricultural Water Management, 73(1), 73-86. [DOI:10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.023]
30. Phocaides, A. (2007). Handbook on pressurized irrigation techniques (Second ed.): Food & Agriculture Org.
31. Rabia, A. H., Figueredo, H., Huong, T., Lopez, B., Solomon, H., & Alessandro, V. (2013). Land suitability analysis for policy making assistance: a GIS based land suitability comparison between surface and drip irrigation systems. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 4(1), 1-6. [DOI:10.7763/IJESD.2013.V4.292]
32. Rhoades, J. D., Sparks, D. L., Page, A. L., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., & Sumner, M. E. (1996). Salinity: Electrical conductivity and yotal dissolved solids. Methods of soil analysis. Part 3-Chemical methods: Soil Science Society of America, Madison.
33. Salem, J. (2018). Investigation of factors affecting the non-use of pressure irrigation methods by pistachio exporters of Yazd province. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 31(4), 585-594. (Persian)
34. Seyyedjalali, A. R., Sarmandian, F., & Shorafa, M. (2014). Comparison of land improvement and land index indicators in the parametric method of land suitability evaluation. Soil Researches Journal, 28(1), 35-45. (Persian)
35. SoilResearchInstitute. (1989). Land use classification guide for irrigation (Journal No. 205). Tehran: Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Ministry of Agriculture. SoilSurveyStaff. (2014). Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Washington D.C: United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service.
36. Soothar, R. K., Chandio, A. S., Mirjat, M. S., & Ahmed, M. (2015). Comparison of bubbler and basin irrigation methods in a bivarietal mangifera indica orchard in Pakistan. Science International, 27(2), 1229-1236.
37. Sys, C. E., Van Ranst, E., & Debaveye, J. (1991). Land evaluation, part I: Methods in land evaluation: International Training Center for Post Graduate Soil Scientists, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
38. Traylor, J. P., & Zlotnik, V. A. (2016). Analytical modeling of irrigation and land use effects on streamflow in semi-arid conditions. Journal of Hydrology, 533, 591-602. [DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.006]
39. Van Wambeke, A. R. (2000). The newhall simulation model for estimating soil moisture and temperature regimes. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. USA.
40. Waller, P., & Yitayew, M. (2016). Low-head gravity bubbler irrigation system Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (pp. 387-411): Springer. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-05699-9_22]
41. Zaynaldin, A., Masiahabadi, M. H., & Esfandiari, M. (2013). An investigation of genesis, classification and physico-chemical soil properties of cultivation pistachio Sirjan plain, Kerman province. Quarterly Journal of Modern Knowledge of Sustainable Agriculture, 10(2), 31-41. (Persian)



XML   Persian Abstract   Print



Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 33, Issue 2 (2018) Back to browse issues page